Teacher Appreciation Week Activities and Ideas

Teacher Appreciation Week is a week-long celebration in the month of May, which is designated to honoring and celebrating the hard work and dedication of our teachers. During this week, schools across America show their love and appreciation to their teachers by having students and parents participate in activities to give thanks and acknowledge their teachers. In celebration of this week, I have gathered a few fun ideas and activities to show teachers how special you think they are. You will find ideas for administrators, teachers, and students. Ideas for Administrators One of the most effective ways that administration can show how much they appreciate their teaching staff is to plan something special for their teachers. Afternoon Lunch A simple way to show your appreciation is to prepare a luncheon in the faculty lounge for all the teachers in the school. Order a pizza or if your school has extra money splurge on some take-out. Pull-Out the Red Carpet If you really want to make a big deal out of your teaching staff and get your students in an uproar, try creating a red carpet experience. Get a piece of red carpet and velvet ropes and have each teacher walk down the carpet as they arrive at school. End of Day Celebration Plan a surprise end of the day celebration. Designate the last hour of the day as free time for the students. Then organize for parents to come in and help out with the class while the teacher goes to the lounge for a much-needed break. Have the teachers lounge filled with coffee and snacks, your efforts will be much appreciated. Ideas for Teachers A great way to teach your students about the value of showing appreciation for hard work is to have a class discussion about why teachers are so special. Follow up this discussion with a few fun activities. Read a Book Often students dont really grasp the importance of all their teachers do. To help them understand the time and effort it takes to be a teacher try reading a few books about teachers. Some of my favorites are: Thank you Mr. Falker by Patricia Polacco, Miss Nelson is Missing by Harry Allard and What If There Were No Teachers? By Caron Chandler Loveless. Compare Teachers Have students compare their favorite teacher with a teacher from one of the books you read. Have them use a graphic organizer like a Venn diagram to help them organize their ideas. Write a Letter Have students write a letter to their favorite teacher telling them what makes them so special. First brainstorm ideas together as a class, then have students write their letters on special paper, and when completed, allow them to give it to the teacher they wrote about. Ideas for Students All teachers love to receive recognition for their hard work, but they appreciate it the most when it comes from their students. Here are some suggestions on how fellow teachers and parents can help students can give thanks to their teacher. Give Thanks Out Loud One of the most important ways students can express their gratitude to their teachers is to say it out loud. A unique way of doing this is to give thanks over the loudspeaker. If this is not possible then students can also ask the teacher if they can have a few minutes in the beginning or the end of class to show their appreciation. Door Decorations Before or after school, decorate the teachers classroom door with all the things they love, or what you love about the teacher. If your teacher loves animals, decorate the door in an animal theme. You can add a personal touch such as a letter to the teacher, a Worlds Best teacher certificate or even a painting or drawing. Make a Gift Theres nothing like a handmade gift that really shows a teacher how much you appreciate them. Create something that the teacher can cherish such as, a hall or bathroom pass, magnet, bookmark or anything they can use in their classroom, the ideas are endless.

Hero s Journey Frozen - 1371 Words

Hero s Journey Analysis The movie, â€Å"Frozen† is an accurate example of ‘The Hero’s Journey’. Joseph Campbell defines this term as, â€Å"a hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man†. The main character/s follow an occurring pattern that most characters develop and experience. This analysis will portray and examine the term ‘Hero’s Journey’ in the movie â€Å"Frozen†. The beginning and end of the story begins in the protagonists ‘ordinary world’. This is Arendelle, the kingdom where Anna and Elsa live. The major characters of this story are Anna, Elsa, Hans, Kristoff, Olaf, and the trolls. Anna, the youngest of the two princess sisters, lives with wealthy royal parents. As a child, Anna wo uld play with her older sister Elsa, who has the ability to freeze, make it snow, and freeze things. One day, Elsa strikes Anna’s head internally with ice while playing and Anna almost dies. Anna is saved by magical trolls but has no recollection of the event as they were erased from her memory. As a result, Elsa must never use her powers in public or around her family because they are seen as evil. The girls parents later die in a terrible shipwreck and as a result, Elsa is left to control the kingdom. The â€Å"Call To Adventure† takes place at Elsa’s coronation, Anna falls inShow MoreRelatedThe Holy Fool Archetype1667 Words   |  7 Pagesirrationality due to his lack of knowledge of American cultural norms. As he journeys across America from Philadelphia to San Francisco, he continually finds himself in trouble with thieves, the law, and Native Americans, yet escapes each trial with unwavering persistence and a steady religious devotion. Set in the mid 1800’s, at the height of the American â€Å"Wild West† era, the film serves as a parody of the traditional Western hero, substituting an inexperienced, yet cagey Jewish Rabbi for the usual hardenedRead MoreThe Myths Of The Underworld1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe underworld reflect many ideas in regard to the journey through hell. In Dante’s Divine Comedy, readers are able to take a deeper look at how myths are represented at a psychological level through the importance of death and rebirth.As Dante progresses through the imaginary journey of Hell, Hell’s inferno is represented by the nine regions arranged around the wall of a huge funnel in nine concentric circles. As the hero, Dante starts his journey by losing his way on the true path of life. DanteRead MoreChris McCandless is NOT a Hero1239 Words   |  5 Pagesman, but his selfish and ultimately complacent attitude towards life and his successes led to his demise. To some, Chris is seen as a hero, a young man who succeeded in every challenge he took on. In Chris’ mind, he was his own greatest hero, â€Å"he was Alexander Supertramp, master of his own destiny† (23). In reality, McCandless was inexperienced and is not a hero nor does he deserve the wild praises he receives. Many people â€Å"live within unhappy circumstances† but do not have the courage to go andRead MoreThe Aeneid : The Struggle Of Establishing An Empire1136 Words   |  5 Pagesestablishing an empire. The beginning of The Aeneid introduces Aeneas, son of the goddess Venus, whose fate is to find a new home in Italy after the fall of Troy. Throughout the perilous journey, Aeneas faces great obstacles as he strives to fulfill his prophecy and gradually transform into the ideal Virgilian hero. To emphasize his growth, I will discuss three themes in this essay: the extent of free will as it relates to fate, the influence of divine beings on mortals, and the p rinciples of moralityRead More The Immortal Heroes of Homer’s Iliad Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesonly one path to the vineyard† (18.565) evokes the element of fate for the heroes. Life is often described in terms of a journey down a road. â€Å"A fork in the road† can suggest a time in a person’s life when he was forced to make an important decision, choosing one path over another. The fact that there is â€Å"only one† road indicates that there is only one way to become an immortal hero, and that is by embracing death. Although Achilleus earlier chose between two fates (9.410-416), when close to death andRead MoreMovie Review : Cinderella 2253 Words   |  10 Pages1999 by directors Kevin Lima and Chris Buck during the monumental third-wave of feminism. Then in 2013 was the release of Frozen, the most critically effective movie fighting for individualism in Disney films. Frozen was created by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee, around the same time as celebrities began to speak up on their views of feminism and on women’s physique. In the 1950’s women were expected to be stay at home, flawless mothers and obedient wives. Cinderella represents to young kids a princessRead MoreThe Unnamed Man s Imminent Downfall1506 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluating the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† that was traveling to â€Å"the boys†, it can be inferred that he had many flaws in his personality and in his attitude (London 549). Others might have been blinded by the other pieces of evidence suggesting he was a hero, an intelligent man, or a great outdoorsman. This unnamed man, who has no name for a purpose, is depicted as stubborn and unaffected by obvious warnings in the very beginning of the story. It can be argued that this man is a fool because he disregardedRead MoreThe Story Of The Movie The Great Gatsby And Snow White 1608 Words   |  7 PagesHeroes are found everywhere when Disney is involved. From a prince or princess to secretive toys to the smallest forms of life on earth, a hero can be fo und in anyone. Being attached to one or a few is entirely common. These certain characters may be the ones they look up to. Young girls often choose to look up to a princess, although, they are not what they were over 50 years ago. The very first Disney princess, Snow White, is purely a damsel in distress. The same goes for Aurora who appeared inRead MoreThe Unnamed Man s Imminent Downfall1522 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluating the man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† that was traveling to â€Å"the boys†, it can be inferred that he had many flaws in his personality and in his attitude (London 549). Others might have been blinded by the other pieces of evidence suggesting he was a hero, an intelligent man, or a great outdoorsman. This unnamed man, who has no name for a purpose, is depicted as stubborn and unaffected by obvious warnings of danger in the very beginning of the story. It can be argued that this man is a fool becauseRead MoreThe Issue Of The Future1937 Words    |  8 Pagescast, and that is a coproduction between the United States and South Korea. The main role is portrayed by the face of America very own Capitan the great and courageous Chris Evans has Curtis. Evans like always does a beautiful display of his eternal hero role, and give the viewer great satisfaction with his heroic actions. It also counts with the presence of an Oscar winner actress like it is Octavia Spencer that with her maternal looks make us feel safe. For the South Korea part, we have two great

Contemporary Society for Health Literacy and Health-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Society for Health Literacy and Public Health. Answer: Sociology helps in determining the mentality and the management of the same while determining the different behaviors of the human beings. However, the different perspective of the society has made the subject more difficult to grasp. It is based on the understanding of the the emergence, structure, and self- consciousness that affects the proper determination of the society and its problems. The different perspectives and dimensions of the study of society have made it difficult for the person who has taken steps to understand the different mental setup of the people. The dynamic nature of the study of the society has helped in the development of the concepts that makes the study more comprehensive (Bury). On the other hand, the proper determination of the different aspects of the mentality and the setup of the human behavior has helped in determining the different aspects of the change in the society. Suppose for example, a person observes the social trends of a society closely in order to make an understanding of the trends and the culture of the society that affects the livelihood of the individuals. It can be done only through an understanding of the different mentalities of the people living in the society through the undertaking of a survey. However, the survey will be limited to a certain number of people and an assumption for the rest is required to be taken by t he surveyor. The accuracy of the content in this stage might be compromised while undertaking such an attempt. The diversity and the multi-dimensional mentality of the people make the study of society difficult. The sociological imagination has helped in determining the various aspects of the society and the individuals living in the same and the manner in which both the variables are interlinked with one another (Bury). According to Mills, the sociological imagination has helped in determining the relationship between the personal experience and the wider society. It helps in determining the relationships between the issues faced by the individuals and the issues faced by the society and the manner in which they are interlinked. Government of the nation plays a major role in determining the wellbeing of the people living in the society. The major aspects of the effects that are being played by the government in framing the policies and the legislations affect the livelihood of the individuals living in the society. It can be stated through a contemporary example where the Australian economy is facing issues due to the unemployment and the unaffordable house rents. The issues that are being faced by the Australian society is based on the policies and the legislation that is being planned by the government of the nation and the manner in which it affected the economy of the people living in the society. It has affected the livelihood of the people living in the society at the individual levels. Unemployment and the lack of resources have affected the lives of the people narrowing their scope of growth. On the other hand, the major issue that is being faced by the people living in the society is based on the higher rate of rent, which seems to be unaffordable to the majority of the people. It reflects on the social life led by the individuals (Lyon). The lack of the proper financial resources has affected the growth of the people and thereby has affected the needs of the people. The standard of living is hampered through the financial crisis in the society. On the other hand, the issue that is being faced by the broader society is based on the economic crisis resulting to the degrading productivity. The economic crisis has affected the growth of the multinational organization is the market of the nation which will be affecting the GDP of the nation and its productivity in the international markets (Meyer). This will again affect the standard of living of the people living in the society. The economic issues that are faced by the nation are based on the financial crisis, poverty and the differences between the rich and the poor has created a situation of imbalance in the society of the nation. It has affected the health and the wellbeing of the people living in the society due to the lower healthcare options made available to them. In the broader level, the economic crisis of the society has resulted to the degradation in the standard of living of the unfortunate communities. It is estimated that some 32% of the Australians are subjected to the imbalance in the society due to the economic instability (Ekman and Erik 290). On the other hand, it has affected the health and the wellbeing of the individuals living in the communities. The desired growth that is being planned by the nation is hindered through the economic crisis and the unemployment of the individuals in the nation. It has affected the nation while undertaking its growth in the international markets. The compare and contrast of the issues faced by the individual level and the broader senses will be helping in determining the different aspects of the same issue. The interdependence of the society and the individuals relating to their growth is based on the understanding of the different factors that intertwines them (Sanford). The wellbeing and the health of the individuals in the society help in determining the growth of the society. The society is determined through the wellbeing of the individuals living in the society. The problems that might be faced in the individual level will also be affecting the society. The example that is being illustrated as a part of this discussion has helped in the proper understanding of the interdependence of the society and the individuals while determining the issues faced by both (Srensen). The economic issues have affected the health and the livelihood of the people. On the other hand, the economic crisis in the society has affected the wellb eing of the people living in the communities resulting to the lack of productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded from the above discussion that the proper understanding of the issues that are being faced by the people in the individual level corresponds to the issues in the society. The intertwined nature of the individuals with the society affects the variables largely. The major aspect of the change that is being undertaken by the government has helped in defining the issues that are being faced by the people living in the society. On the other hand, the proper understanding of the different aspects of issues helps in bringing forth changes in the society and the individuals. The proper understanding of the requisites of the individual helps in bringing forth improvements in the social structure and its functioning. On the other hand, the different issues that are being faced by the individuals affect the growth and the evolution of the society. Therefore, as the individuals together constitute the society. it is the effort of the people who brings in change in the society through the understanding of the issues and resolving the same. References Bury, Michael.Health and illness in a changing society. Routledge, 2013. Ekman, Joakim, and Erik Amn. "Political participation and civic engagement: Towards a new typology."Human affairs22.3 (2012): 283-300. Lyon, David.The information society: Issues and illusions. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Meyer, Ilan H. "Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence." (2013): 3. Mills, C. Wright.The sociological imagination. Oxford University Press, 2000. Sanford, Nevitt.Self and society: Social change and individual development. Routledge, 2017. Srensen, Kristine, et al. "Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models."BMC public health12.1 (2012): 80.

Business Economics for Sustainable Living- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Economicsfor Aspects of Sustainable Living. Answer: Introduction Sustainability has some main pillars or rather aspects and these aspects were identified in the year 2005 during the world summit on social development. These aspects contribute to the social science and philosophy of sustainable development. These aspects have formed the backbone of dealing with the main areas that the world focuses on. As described by Brundtland commission, sustainability is a development aspect which meets the present needs with no compromise of the future generations abilities in meeting their needs (Holden and Linnerud, p 175). Therefore the future has to be considered while making present decisions. The main two aspects include economic development ad environment aspects. Economic Aspect Most people have had disagreements based on political ideologies regarding what is and is not economically sound. It has thus proven to be very problematic. The manner in which this aspect affects business, jobs and employability is also still a debatable issue. Economic development mostly deals with the process of how business incentives are provided in situations where such businesses and other organizations are supposed to adhere to the sustainable guidelines that are found beyond their normal requirements for legislation (Ellis and Moarif, p 11). This aspect also encourages and fosters incentives for an average person in which they are able to do their activities to the much they can. Its seen that an individual may not achieve as much as a group would have because for some effects to be felt they have to be cumulative. The consumer nature of the supply and demand market has made the need for many resources in the modern life to be very high on a daily basis. From the environmental aspect what matters most is how we get whatever that needs to be consumed. Therefore if people are given whatever they want with no compromise to the quality of life then this is referred to as economic development. This is more relevant in the developing countries where reduction in the financial burden and the red tape of doing things right is still a big issue to deal with (Chan and Lee, p 249). For economic sustainability to be felt the human community in the globe should be able to sustain their independence and gain access to the required resources as well as finances so as to meet their needs with ease. The systems of economy ought to be intact and all the activities be made available to everyone for instance their needs to be sources of livelihood that are secure enough. The economic sustainability is involved with ensuring that businesses in place are able to make profits and their operations do not in any way create environmental and social issues which are likely to harm the success of the business which may be envisioned to be long-term. If any nation focuses on environmental and social issues the profitability of the economy will definitely flow. This is because most of the social initiatives tend to have a great impact on the behaviors of commodity consumers as well as the performance of employees (Perrini, Russo and Tencati, p 291). On the other hand environmental initiatives like efficiency in energy supply and mitigation of pollution has a direct impact on waste reduction creating a good environment for the economy. Environmental Aspect Most people know what they need to do to protect the environment and especially from pollution. However the small things that have been neglected are some of key contributors to environmental pollution and thus loss in terms of sustainability. Such things like recycling, reduction in power consumption through switching off power when not in use, walking some short distances as opposed to using vehicles if assumed can lead to great environmental destruction. There are regulations for businesses in which they are supposed to keep the carbon emissions low as well as prevent pollution. Incentives exists which promote projects for installing power sources that are renewable in businesses and homes. This aspect is thus the main concern regarding the future of humanity (Dempsey, p 257). This aspect offers definition on how the environment should be protected and a lot of focus is placed on elements that seem to stress the environment. Its concerned with how technology can be used to drive a future that is green. The developments that focus on biotechnology and technology are important to attaining environmental sustainability and thus protect the future environment from any damage that may be caused by technological advances (UNPF, p 7). To attain environmental sustainability ecological integrity has to be maintained. The earths environmental systems need to be kept in balance and the natural resources in the environment need to be consumed by human beings at a rate in which they can replenish themselves. The systems and activities in place should also be able to reduce the impact of the environment on the environment. When it comes to the resources that are renewable the rate at which they are harvested is not supposed to exceed the rate at which they regenerate back (Maslow, p 58). In relation to pollution the rate at which wastes are generated from the ongoing projects should not go beyond the capacity for assimilation by the environment. In case of the nonrenewable resources their depletion requires the development of substitutes that are renewable. Such goals include zero waste by the organization, reduction in the use of plastic bags and coming up with initiatives that reduce carbon footprint through management of energy consumption (Ebner, p 8). Some organizations like Nestle have identified the main priority areas regarding environmental sustainability such as agricultural raw materials, water, packaging that is specific to their beverages and food and manufacturing and distribution. In relation to energy use Verizon company has initiatives that aim at environmental sustainability like the recycling of telecom equipment and reduction in energy use through provision of flexible working conditions at work, it has also worked on reducing intensity in carbon and getting some more efficient solutions to its fleet that is eco-friendly (Jackson, P 21). Therefore this environmental aspect aims at acknowledging the necess ity of enhancing and maintaining the biophysical systems which sustain life with a focus on the natural ecosystem structure and the interactions which exist among them. Relevant Innovations to Ensure Sustainability Innovative ideas have contributed a lot when it comes to ensuring sustainability is achieved in different sectors such as environment, economic sector and even the social sector. Such innovations include; innovation from new light technologies have invented air carbon which is a plastic material that is carbon neutral produced from greenhouse gases such as methane (Eurostat P 15). This is used in the packaging and furniture industries in which it matches oil based plastics both in performance and price. This innovation has helped solve the issue of non biodegradable nature of plastic bags. High energy savings have also been archived by the use of view intelligent window. This window regulates the light and temperature of the room in which its used. Its been mainly designed for commercial buildings so as to eliminate the need for shades and blinds. Outerwall Company has recently introduced outerwallecoATM which is a network of recycling kiosks that are automated for the tech products (Jacobs P 36). Customers can easily follow simple steps and be able to recycle old tablets and phones and any other electronics and receive cash in exchange. Powwow energy is an innovation in which unnecessary losses of resources especially water are prevented. The powwow energy detects any water leaks from an irrigation system that is used in agriculture and informs the farmers immediately for repair. The Retroficiency software is designed to fight losses of energy in buildings. The data sets are used b y Retroficiency to make suggestions on energy saving ideas for both businesses and homes. It works on the combination of both energy analytics and the models of buildings with the use of data that they get from the already existing energy audits to give out ideas relating to energy saving. The BioTrans system is used in restaurants where its installed to collect and grind any leftovers into a biomass that is homogenous (Jenks and Dempsey, P 175). There has been the invention of DessoThe AirMaster a form of carpet which is used to capture pollutant particles and fine dust from rooms thus providing healthier indoor climates. Its made of recycled carpets and proves to be better than the hardwood flooring when related to prevention of allergies. Conclusion From the discussion above its evident that sustainability is not just matters environment but in the many definitions of sustainability we are able to find the concerns about social equity and the development of the economy. Its in this regard that the motivations behind sustainability are in most cases diverse, complex and personal. It is almost unrealistic for one to come up with a list as to why many people are working hard to achieve this goal. Thus sustainability in most cases boils down to the future the current generation is leaving for the next generation. These aspects of sustainability are therefore shared by many people who aim at demonstrating their importance in developing many policies. Its therefore the duty of the people in todays generation along with those of the future to create solutions that are adaptable and aim at fostering sustainability. When a company chooses to define sustainability with the two aspects in mind then its easier to determine its own successful road that is sustainable. If any one of the aspects is weak or given less attention then the whole system of an organization may become unsustainable since they are both interlinked. References Chan E, and Lee GKL. 2008. Critical factors for improving social sustainability of urban renewal projects. Social Indicators Research 85: 243256. Dempsey N. 2008b. Quality of the built environment in urban neighbourhoods. Planning Practice and Research 23: 249264. Ebner D. 2008. Assessing Corporate Social Responsibility in Industrial Firms: the CSR-Assessment. Pg 8. Montanuniversitt Leoben Ellis, J. and Moarif, S., 2009. GHG mitigation actions: MRV issues and options. Draft for review. OECD/IEA Project for the Annex I Expert Group on the UNFCCC, Paris.pg 5-15 Eurostat, 2009. Measuring progress towards a more sustainable Europe. 2009 monitoring report of the EU sustainable development strategy. Pg 13-19. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Holden E, and Linnerud K. 2007. The sustainable development area: satisfying basic needs and safeguarding ecological sustainability. Sustainable Development 15: 174185. Jackson, T., 2009. Prosperity without growth? Transition to a sustainable economy. Sustainable Development Commission, London p 21. Jacobs M. 1999. Sustainable development as a contested concept. In Fairness and Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice, Dobson A (ed.). Oxford University Press: Oxford; 2145. Jenks M and Dempsey N. 2007. Defining the neighbourhood: challenges for empirical research. Town Planning Review 78: 153177. Maslow, H.A., 1968. Toward Psychology of Being, 3rd Edition 1999. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pg 55-61. Perrini F, Russo A and Tencati A. 2007. CSR strategies of SMEs and large fi rms. Evidence from Italy. Journal of Business Ethics 74(3): 285300. UNPF (United Nations Population Fund). 2007. State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth. UNFPA: New York. Pg 4-10.

Child Abuse Problems and Its Effects on a Future Childs Life

Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote Study Guide

Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote Study Guide Written by experimental author Jorge Luis Borges, Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote does not follow the format of a traditional short story. While a standard 20th-century short story describes a conflict that builds steadily towards a crisis, climax, and resolution, Borgess story imitates (and often parodies) an academic or scholarly essay. The title character of Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote is a poet and literary critic from France-and is also, unlike a more traditional title character, dead by the time the story begins. The narrator of Borgess text is one of Menards friends and admirers. In part, this narrator is moved to write his eulogy because misleading accounts of the newly-deceased Menard have begun to circulate: Already Error is attempting to tarnish his bright Memory†¦ Most decidedly, a brief rectification is imperative (88). Borgess narrator begins his rectification by listing all of the visible lifework of Pierre Menard, in proper chronological order (90). The twenty or so items on the narrators list include translations, collections of sonnets, essays on intricate literary topics, and finally a handwritten list of lines of poetry that owe their excellence to punctuation (89-90). This overview of Menards career is the preface to a discussion of Menards single most innovative piece of writing. Menard left behind an unfinished masterpiece which consists of the ninth and thirty-eighth chapters of Part I of Don Quixote and a fragment of Chapter XXII (90). With this project, Menard didnt aim to merely transcribe or copy Don Quixote, and he didnt attempt to produce a 20th-century updating of this 17th-century comic novel. Instead, Menards admirable ambition was to produce a number of pages which coincided-word for word and line for line with those of Miguel de Cervantes, the original author of the Quixote (91). Menard achieved this re-creation of the Cervantes text without really re-creating Cervantess life. Instead, he decided that the best route was continuing to be Pierre Menard and coming to the Quixote through the experiences of Pierre Menard (91). Although the two versions of the Quixote chapters are absolutely identical, the narrator prefers the Menard text. Menards version is less reliant on local color, more skeptical of historical truth, and on the whole more subtle than Cervantess (93-94). But on a more general level, Menards Don Quixote establishes and promotes revolutionary ideas about reading and writing. As the narrator notes in the final paragraph, Menard has (perhaps unwittingly) enriched the slow and rudimentary art of reading by means of a new technique the technique of deliberate anachronism and fallacious attribution (95). Following Menards example, readers can interpret canonical texts in fascinating new ways by attributing them to authors who didnt actually write them. Background and Contexts Don Quixote and World Literature: Published in two installments in the early 17th century, Don Quixote is regarded by many readers and scholars as the first modern novel. (For literary critic Harold Bloom, Cervantes’s importance to world literature is rivaled only by Shakespeare’s.) Naturally, Don Quixote would have intrigued an avant-garde Argentine author like Borges, partially because of its impact on Spanish and Latin American literature, and partially because of its playful approach to reading and writing. But there is another reason why Don Quixote is especially appropriate to â€Å"Pierre Menard†- because Don Quixote spawned unofficial imitations in its own time. The unauthorized sequel by Avellaneda is the most famous of these, and Pierre Menard himself can be understood as the latest in a line of Cervantes imitators. Experimental Writing in the 20th Century: Many of the world-famous authors who came before Borges crafted poems and novels that are built largely of quotations, imitations, and allusions to earlier writings. T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land- a long poem that uses a disorienting, fragmentary style and draws constantly on myths and legends- is one example of such reference-heavy writing. Another example is James Joyce’s Ulysses, which mixes bits of everyday speech with imitations of ancient epics, medieval poetry, and Gothic novels. This idea of an â€Å"art of appropriation† also influenced painting, sculpture, and installation art. Experimental visual artists such as Marcel Duchamp created â€Å"ready-made† artworks by taking objects from everyday life- chairs, postcards, snow shovels, bicycle wheels- and putting them together in strange new combinations. Borges situates â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† in this growing tradition of quotation and appropriation. (In fact, the final sentence of the story refers to James Joyce by name.) But â€Å"Pierre Menard† also shows how the art of appropriation can be taken to a comical extreme and does so without exactly lighting earlier artists; after all, Eliot, Joyce, and Duchamp all created works that are meant to be humorous or absurd. Key Topics Menard’s Cultural Background: Despite his choice of Don Quixote, Menard is mainly a product of French literature and French culture- and makes no secret of his cultural sympathies. He is identified in Borges’s story as a â€Å"Symbolist from Nà ®mes, a devotee essentially of Poe- who begat Baudelaire, who begat Mallarmà ©, who begat Valà ©ry† (92). (Though born in America, Edgar Allan Poe had an enormous French following after his death.) In addition, the bibliography that starts off â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† includes â€Å"a study of the essential metrical rules of French prose, illustrated with examples taken from Saint-Simon† (89). Oddly enough, this ingrained French background helps Menard to understand and re-create a work of Spanish literature. As Menard explains, he can easily imagine the universe â€Å"without the Quixote.† For him, â€Å"the Quixote is a contingent work; the Quixote is not necessary. I can premeditate committing it to writing, as it were- I can write it- without falling into a tautology† (92). Borges’s Descriptions: There are many aspects of Pierre Menard’s life- his physical appearance, his mannerisms, and most of the details of his childhood and domestic life- that are omitted from â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote†. This is not an artistic flaw; in fact, Borges’s narrator is fully conscious of these omissions. Given the opportunity, the narrator consciously backs away from the task of describing Menard, and explains his reasons in the following footnote: â€Å"I did, I might say, have the secondary purpose of drawing a small sketch of the figure of Pierre Menard- but how dare I compete with the gilded pages I am told the Baroness de Bacourt is even now preparing, or with the delicate sharp crayon of Carolus Hourcade?† (90). Borges’s Humor: â€Å"Pierre Menard† can be read as a send-up of literary pretensions- and as a piece of gentle self-satire on Borges’s part. As Renà © de Costa writes in Humor in Borges, â€Å"Borges creates two outlandish types: the adulating critic who worships a single author, and the worshiped author as a plagiarist, before ultimately inserting himself into the story and rounding things out with a typical self-parody.† In addition to praising Pierre Menard for questionable accomplishments, Borges’s narrator spends much of the story criticizing â€Å"Mme. Henri Bachelier,† another literary type who admires Menard. The narrator’s willingness to go after someone who is, technically, on his side- and to go after her for rather obscure reasons- is another stroke of ironic humor. As for Borges’s humorous self-criticism, de Costa notes that Borges and Menard have strangely similar writing habits. Borges himself was known among his friends for â€Å"his square-ruled notebooks, his black crossings-out, his peculiar typographical symbols, and his insect-like handwriting† (95, footnote). In the story, all of these things are attributed to the eccentric Pierre Menard. The list of Borges stories that poke gentle fun at aspects of Borges’s identity- â€Å"Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius†, â€Å"Funes the Memorious†, â€Å"The Aleph†, â€Å"The Zahir†- is considerable, though Borges’s most extensive discussion of his own identity occurs in â€Å"The Other†. A Few Discussion Questions How would â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote† be different if it centered on a text other than Don Quixote? Does Don Quixote seem like the most appropriate choice for Menard’s strange project, and for Borges’s story? Should Borges have focused his satire on a totally different selection from world literature?Why did Borges use so many literary allusions in â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote†? How do you think Borges wants his readers to react to these allusions? With respect? Annoyance? Confusion?How would you characterize the narrator of Borges’s story? Do you feel that this narrator is simply a stand-in for Borges, or are Borges and the narrator very different in major ways?Are the ideas about writing and reading that appear in this story totally absurd? Or can you think of real-life reading and writing methods that recall Menard’s ideas? Note on Citations All in-text citations refer to Jorge Luis Borges, Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote, pages 88-95 in Jorge Luis Borges: Collected Fictions (Translated by Andrew Hurley. Penguin Books: 1998).

Sam's Liability for SamCom Ltd's Obligations Essay

Sam's Liability for SamCom Ltd's Obligations - Essay Example Promoters also have a fiduciary duty to the shareholders, as he stands in the same position as a company director. As such, Sam cannot make a secret profit and he must have full disclosure with any transaction that he takes while he is the promoter of the company. He also cannot serve himself at the expense of the shareholders (Erlanger v New Sombrero Phosphate Co (1878) 3 App Cas 1218). The facts state that the business that became SamCom Ltd was valued at ?50,000, yet the business was sold to SamCom Ltd for ?90,000. This might be a breach of Sam’s fiduciary duty to his shareholders (Cahn & McDonald, 2010), if he did not disclose that his company was worth substantially less than what SamCom Ltd. paid for it. The solicitor who Sam hired to take the necessary steps for incorporation, however, is not considered a promoter, as Re Great Wheal Polgooth Co. Ltd. (1883) 53 LJ Ch 42 established that persons who are acting as a professional capacity at the behest of the promoter, such as solicitors, do not become promoters. As for the contract to buy the silicon chips for ?5,000, this is a pre-incorporation contract, and the company would not be bound on this contract. This was established in the case of Kelner v Baxter (1866) LR 2 CP 174, which established that pre-incorporation contracts do not bind the company. ... was incorporated, so the company would not be bound by this contract. Separate Personality of the Company and Lifting the Veil On the facts, it may be assumed that this is a closely held corporation. This does not, however, negate the separate legal personality of SamCom Ltd. According to established English law, a corporation is a separate legal personality who has the ability to sue and be sued and hold debts in its name (Wild & Weinstein, 2011). Moreover, the fact that only one person is a corporation does not defeat the separate legal personality of the corporation. This was established in the seminal case of Salomon v. Salomon & Co. [1897] AC 22. In this case, Salomon made leather boots, and he was basically the sole bona fide shareholder of his company. The company went into liquidation, and the creditors attempted to make Salomon personally liable for the company's debts. The Salomon court held that, as long as a company is a legal entity, then the business, and the debts, bel ongs to the company, not to the shareholder(s). In this case, the lower courts had attempted to say that Salomon himself was liable, because he was the only interested shareholder – the other shareholders were his family members, and they were disinterested. The House of Lords held, however, that this does not defeat the claim of corporate personality. Therefore, this case may be applied to the facts, in that SamCom Ltd. is a closely held corporation, but, as per Salomon, the corporation would still have a separate legal personality and Salomon further demonstrated that corporations, because they are separate legal entities, will be liable for the debts incurred by