Research on Liquid Waste Management Essay

The topic we are selected for our research is â€Å"LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENTS IN VAGAMON†. This topic has a wide scope for research. In order to conduct an exploratory research, we will start doing the location analysis. For that we will collect data on the population, households, population density, factories, labours, sanitation, water reserves†¦etc. Based on the data collected, we select a sample frame where the population density is high and which will be a true representative of vagamon as a whole. In order to find out the objectives of descriptive research, we will frame a questionnaire to find out the problems they are facing due to liquid wastes in their daily lives. Read Also:  What Topics Can Be Good to Do an Exploratory Essay? Based on the similar answers, we will set the objectives for the descriptive study. Next step of exploratory research will be conducted inside the factory and its premises. We will frame a questionnaire for the factory personnel to be answered to find out the liquid wastes the factories are producing and how they are processed. Then we will be conducting an exploratory research among the people living in the factory premises and will find out how the liquid wastes affecting their lives. By integrating all data collected from factories, households, and the secondary data collected from the village authorities, we will set objectives for the descriptive research. The steps for our research is 1. Collect the details of households, population, factory’s from panchayat. 2. Collect the details about the existing rules & regulations followed by panchayat for controlling the liquid waste. 3. Collect the details about the existing sanitation facilities exist in households & factory’s. The main objectives of our descriptive research are 1. To find out the various liquid waste management techniques presently using by the households and factory’s. 2. To know about the efficiency of current liquid waste management. 3. To know whether the waste water affect the public health. 4. To know about the opinion of people about the recycling of waste water.

How business works Essay

Introduction In this assignment I will be producing a case study on large/medium sided businesses, showing of how business works. My chosen company is McDonalds. The following will be including in my case study: * A description of what the business does, its aims and objectives. * A description of the purposes and activities of human resources and any other three functional areas. * A description of how effectively different areas of the business communicate. * A description of how the structure of the business is different from another organisation’s structure. * A record of my source’s information. McDonalds Restaurant OverView McDonalds is a large fast food chain of restaurants operating world wide, started in America and has outlets in other places such as, India, Cyprus. In many countries McDonald s sells variations of its food to cater for local tastes. They are also known for being multicultural because of the different cultural foods in their restaurants. Because of their huge volume of sales McDonalds has strong purchasing power with its suppliers and is therefore able to sell food very competitively. By the end of 2001 their was 1,184 restaurants in the UK alone. They had a target to get over 80 new restaurants opened by 2002, and that was achieved. By opening over 80 new restaurants they employed 4,800 new employees. ACTIVITY, AIMS & OBJECTIVES (P1, D2) Main Activity The main activity of McDonalds is selling fast food. They aim to provide a customer service, there are 1.5 million employees working for McDonald restaurants in the 119 countries, which all have the same daily activities which involves the staff in greeting, serving and helping customers with any enquiries or problems. They are the largest food service company in the world, so it’s important that all employees work together to succeed their aim. Main Aim McDonalds main aim is to provide customers with a fast food service in order to obtain a profit for its shareholders. McDonalds are committed to conducting their business with the environment in mind. McDonalds mission statement is â€Å"To be the world’s best quick service restaurant†. This is being achieved through five strategies such as; * Development: Lead the quick service restaurant market by a programme of site development profitable restaurant openings. * Our People: Achieve a competitive advantage through people who are high calibre, effective, well motivated and feel part of the McDonalds team in delivering the company’s goals. * Restaurant Excellence: Focus on consistent delivery of quality, service and cleanliness through excellence in our restaurants. * Operating Structure: Optimise restaurant performance through the selection of the most appropriate operating, management and ownership structures. * The Brand: Continue to build the relationship between McDonald’s and our customers in order to be a genuine part of the fabric of British society. Objectives McDonalds objective is to be the best’s quick service restaurant and believes and believes that this involves avoiding damage to the environment at a local and global level. The company aims to ensure that its operations today do not have an effect on the lives of future consumers. McDonald’s is involved in an ongoing programme with the aim to improve the environment, they do this by reusable packaging and recycling. Functional Areas within McDonalds (P2, M1, D2) HUMAN RESOURCES The Human Resources department concentrates on employees who work for the McDonald restaurants. Human Resources department include managing staff and their welfare, so the safety of their staff is taking very seriously, this all comes under Health and Safety. Staff have to be careful not to use computers/tills for long periods of time because they can suffer from eyestrain, tiredness or stress. McDonalds is improving communication systems by installing panic buttons for the safety against violent customers. McDonald’s employees have to work together to ensure a hazard free zone, by adhering to the health and safety regulations. McDonalds puts new employees on to a training system, to make sure if an accident happens which involves either a member of staff or a customer getting hurt, then the employee will be able to handle the situation effectively. McDonalds restaurants work to high standards, which meets and mostly exceeds the rules and regulations. The company always aims for the highest standards given in guidelines because of health and safety regulations and to expand the business. If McDonalds didn’t meet the requirements than they would be closed down by the health and safety executives. The Human Resources department contributes to McDonald’s activity by making sure: * They employ the right staff * Making sure the store is a hazard free zone These things contribute to the activity of McDonalds because without them they wouldn’t be able to achieve their aim, so it’s important that all the different department’s work together to succeed it. Recruitment, Training and Development When recruiting staff McDonalds look for people who have a positive attitude towards customers, themselves and other employees, and who are capable of delivering the highest standards of quality, service and cleanliness to our customers. Then potential employees are trained, promoted and treated on the basis of their relevant skills, talents and performance and without reference to race, colour, nationality, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender, marital status, age and disability. McDonalds management development curriculum takes new recruits form trainee manager to restaurant manger. They have on-the-job training and open learning development modules, backed up with courses and seminars at the company’s national and regional training centres. Hourly paid staff receive continuous on-the-job training by computer based training and other training materials. When employees complete their initial training staff members are awarded a basic certificate in food hygiene. Employees Below are the figures of the staff’s gender and age status. By the end of 2000 McDonald’s employed 49,726 members of staff: * 46, 207 restaurant crew * 2, 974 restaurant management crew * 545 office staff Health and Safety McDonalds always aims for the highest standards (and mostly exceeds), so they can achieve its aim and be the best quick service restaurant. If McDonalds didn’t meet the requirements of the health and safety act 1974 than they would be closed down by the health and safety executives. The most common hazards which occur in a work place are: 1. Leaving the work place untidy and dirty 2. Leaving floors wet and stairs 3. Leaving wires to trial across passageways 4. Frayed carpet or loose tiles 5. Equipment just left all over work surfaces 6. Too many plugs inserted into only one electric socket The human resources department has to make sure that all health and safety regulations are met. If they are not met then it can be closed down, also if the restaurant is unclean then it could loose customers and wouldn’t keep up their activity to be the best selling fast food restaurant. Customers wouldn’t want to go to a dirty restaurant, where there are a lot of hazards going on such as; wet shop floor, bins over filled, dirty tables and a unclean kitchen area. If any of these hazards occurred in any McDonalds restaurants customers could become ill or hurt, which would result in McDonalds going to court or having to closed the McDonalds restaurant down. Management training includes coping with emergency situations that could arise in a restaurant. This is because it decreases the risk of people being injured or the buildings being damaged in the McDonald restaurants. When an accident has occurred the manager then has to write out what happened and then investigate on the matter. Training is the main priority to ensure the consistency of the restaurant operation, and the highest levels of customer service and care. Every McDonalds franchisee must successfully complete a training programme which takes on average nine months to complete. Trade Union The workers are represented by union of shop, distributed and allied worker. Job Roles In Human Resources Job Roles In the Human Resources function Carmel Flatley, Human Resources Director I am the human resources director of McDonalds and I have the overall decision of anything that happens in this department. I also have to make sure that the human resources department don’t go over their budget. Paul Smith, Human Resources Manager I look after the whole HR department and staff, involved with industrial relations and trade unions negotiations, implementing the organisations HR policies. Gemma Wilson, Recruitment officer I deal with recruiting people, that’s sending out application forms, making interviews for potential employees. Potential employees don’t need to be experience in any way, because McDonalds is committed to training their staff and improving the skills of staff. Matthew Lawrence, Health and Safety Officer I deal with all health and safety matters, accident monitoring and staff welfare. That involves making sure that the shop floor is a hazard free zone for customers and clean and tidy, making sure the kitchen is clean enough to work in. I am well trained in first aid so that if any accidents happen, I will be their to help. I also have to deal with complaints and try to solve them. FINANCE The finance is one of the most important functions as they record all the money going in and out of the business, they give a budget for each other department to spend to make sure they keep their level of income and expenditure. They would regularly check the amount of money each department has spend and made to see if they are on target or not. If a department has gone over their budget then the finance dept would check to see if there is enough money to lend those more. So the purpose of the financial function therefore is to: * Keep all the financial records required by the organisation, detailing all the receipts and payments that have been made * Prepare final accounts from these records as required by law * Monitor the income and expenditure of different departments against their budgets * Provide continuous, up to date financial information for managers about business performance * Pay salaries and wages to the staff * Pay amounts owing to suppliers * Control the levels of debts owed to the company * Obtain additional finance when required, from the most appropriate source * Advise senior managers on the financial implications of major decisions These contribute to the McDonald’s activity by being apart of providing a good customer service by, paying the employees their salaries/wages, if they weren’t paid they wouldn’t be no staff or it could result in the staff withdrawing their labour. Production will cease and the employer will lose revenue. By McDonalds receiving more capital they can improve the quality of the store or products so customers would be more pleased of the in store environment or pleased of what they have purchase. It would result in consumers returning to the store because of the good service and also bringing more money to the business which will also achieve their aim which is to be the best selling fast food restaurant. Job Roles in Finance Department JOB ROLES George Mackay, Finance Director I am the finance director and I am in charge of the whole finance department. It involves information services, new product development, quality assurance and supply chain. I have to make sure a product which is purchased has the right quality that is expected from consumers, and then have to put a price to it. The most important part of the finance department is the cash flow which is the movement of cash going in and out a business. As a finance director I have to gives advice to senior managers on the overall decision on financial matters. And also as a director I have the last say with what happens within the finance department. Christopher Bateman, Financial Manager I looks after the finance function and the staff. Advising on financial resources. As a manager I have to make sure that all work as been done well. E.g. they have to monitor the income and expenditure of all departments to make sure they haven’t gone over their budget. So after the staff have checked their cash flow I then have to then go threw it to make sure nothing has been missed out. Derek, Daniels, Ledger Clerk I have to assist the chief accountant in the recording of all financial transactions. So where the money goes or comes in I have to make sure the chief accountant has recorded it all effectively. If any mistakes have been made I then have to correct the errors. Nita Negi, Credit Control Clerk As a credit control clerk, I have to assist the credit controller in checking the credit status of new customers and existing accounts, and also Reminding customers or overdue payment. PRODUCTION Production is all about the process of making something. Product life style shows the stages of a product or a range of products. If it isn’t successful it goes to decline stage. The activities of the production department are listed below: * Obtaining the resources required to produce goods or provide a service * Organising the resources to produce the goods or provide the service in the most appropriate way For the activities to be achieve they must consider the aim of the business which is to be the best selling fast food restaurant, so they have to find the best quality of food that suits them and then order it but first having to keep on target and not going over their budget by ordering expensive items or ordering to much that it all cant be produced/sold. Another thing they must consider is if the resources can be organised to achieve the aims, doing this they have to think about selling it cheaper then their competitors or having an offer like buy on get on free. They do this so it sells more because people wouldn’t to spend more they would go to the most cheapest place or giving the product an offer can be appealing to the customers. The production department contributes to McDonald’s activity by finding the right products at the right prices. When good quality products are sold at low prices it pleases customers and make them want to return, it also brings in more people as when a customer is pleased with the type of service they have receive the consumer then tells several other people, which makes then want to try it out. Job roles in Production Job Roles in Production Steven Cornway, Production Manager Responsible for the entire production function and it’s operations. What ever goes on has to be checked and authorised by me. Kim Karenga, Production Planners Plan all production to maximise machine use and staffing, taking account of customer requirements. Chris Walker, Production Controllers To check all production is going to schedule. Ted Osborne, Designers I am responsible for the actual design of the finished product. So if I don’t like the way a product has been designed I can make remendments. MARKETING The object of marketing is to make sure that the right product is made and potential customers are persuaded to buy it. Market Research can be carried out through either primary or secondary research. Primary research means asking someone on their views or opinions. A way of asking potential customers of their views or opinions is to make sure a survey, having questions about a certain item. After the survey has been completed they will then need to send out the surveys to potential customers, by either online, over the phone, by post or giving out surveys (in stores. Postal surveys don’t have much of a response as the others do as it takes more time e.g. sending it back, so when postal surveys are concerned their will usually have to be some kind of incentive offered for completing the survey, so customers would be tempted to fill it out. Secondary research is known as â€Å"desk research†. It consists to looking up facts or figures in books, magazines, computer databases, company files. So secondary research is looking at information that already exists instead of creating your own. McDonalds keeps a large amount of information on their databases about their customers and their buying patterns, also companies buy information from government statistics. Product – The amount of products the customer wants, the quality wanted, the features and the styling that are preferred, whether packaging is important, whether a guarantee or after sales service is required. Strategies – Is a long term plan for future success or development. Place – McDonalds are located on high streets or town centres. Marketing contributes to the McDonalds activity by market research (finding out what potential customers wants/needs), and improving existing products. Both of these improve the customer service, marketing contribute a lot to their activity to make McDonalds achieve their activity. All the functions work together to achieve it. The job roles of Marketing Job Roles in Marketing Matthew Howe, Marketing Director I am responsible for the overall marketing function and its aims and objectives. So if any idea’s have been thought of they have to been checked with me before anyone goes ahead and makes a change. Ethan Farah, Sales Manager As a sales manager I am responsible for overseas agents and the achievement of sales targets overseas. David Frank, Market Researchers Market researchers have to find out consumer opinions on current and proposed goods and services, if this is not done than they could bring out a product which isn’t doesn’t sell a lot and a loose the money they put in to produce the products. Advertising Manager An advertising manager is in charge of advertising and liaising with agency staff over publicity campaigns. Advertising is one of the most important things in marketing as without advertising a product will not be known so their would sell as well as products being advertised. EQUAL OPPORTUNTIES (P3, M2, D2) In a work placement an employee has rights and responsibilities. Below are the rights and responsibilities of an employee. Rights as an employee Employee’s rights How to carry it out Having safe working conditions Making sure that the area your working is a hazard free zone, if not consult your manager or the human resources area. It is also your job to take care with anything you do to prevent any hazards happening. Getting paid the fair salary/wage Depending on your age, experience and contract, employee’s get paid differently. You have to make sure that your getting a fair paid if not consult your manager. You should first read your contract because you might have signed for getting paid the amount you’re getting. Provided information concerning your rights Before starting your job you will be provided with information about the rights an employee has. (mainly in your contract) If you’re not provided with this information you are able to ask for it. Not to be discriminated on grounds of race, sex or disability If you feel that your getting treated unfairly according to your race, sex or disability your able to take up action like consulting your trade union. To be consulted over matters which will significantly affect your terms and conditions of employment If you employer decides to change something, which affects the terms and conditions on you employment and does not consult you first, you can take action upon this. Responsibilities for an employee Employee’s responsibilities How to carry it out To be ‘ready and willing to work It’s always good to be full with enthusiasm in your work because it looks good for the company and make you happier in your work To give a personal service Your contract will contain you main job roles, but it’s always good to provide your own service like putting your ideas into your work, smiling and just any other little thing. To treat others how you would like to be treated If you’re rude and dishonest than fellow staff would treat you the same. It’s important to work as a team and communicating well with other people, this can only be done if you treat people well. To work towards the objectives of the business Working towards the objectives of a business could look good on you and on the business, if the employer see’ s you are working hard than it could result in the employee being promoted. To work in good faith Working in good faith consists of being honest, if you’re honest it again can see that you’re trustworthy and could get promoted. But yet if your seen lying than you could loose your job. COMUNNICATION (P4, M3, D1, D2) Most organisations have different ways of communicating, communicating is one of the most important things in a business, because without communicating you cannot run a business effectively. They are all types of communicating, below is a list of ways of communicating within a business. * Meetings * Group discussions * Tele phone * Memo’s * Emails * Draft letters * Reports * Faxes There are two main methods of communication which are oral and written communication. Oral communication could be either face to face or the over the phone. If you can’t get threw to the person you are calling then you can leave a message which is still oral communication. Written communication could be sent by mail or transmitted electronically. This can include letters which is the most common one, text messages on mobile phones or notices on notice boards. Below are the advantages and disadvantages about oral and written communication. Oral Written Advantages 1. It’s a fast way of communicating because you don’t have to write things down. 2. It’s cheap, as if you phone someone you would have to pay for the phone call. 3. Immediate feedback, you don’t have to wait age’s for someone to reply back to you as you would in a letter. 1. Writing a message can be retained for future reference. 2. Writing a message can also be copied for other people’s uses. 3. Creates a distance between sender and recipient useful for difficult communication, e.g. bad news. Disadvantages 1. Clear Speech, you must speak very clearly so that other people can understand you, but yet when you write a letter people can just read it in their own pace. 2. Long or complex messages can be forgotten. 3. You can be easily distracted while someone talks to you, and then you could forget the whole message they just told you. 1. When writing a letter it can take time to write, while if your talking to someone its faster.] 2. Keyed in documents need to be skilled and produced quickly and accurately. 3. Delivery can take time, or could be delayed. McDonalds functional areas communicate with each other by a system called Intranet which was launched in 2000. The McDonalds intranet provides a fast and up to the minute source of information for the McDonalds restaurant management and office staff. McDonalds external communication is don’t by a system called McNews which was launched in 2000. McNews is a award wining magazine which was published monthly for all restaurant staff, then in 2002 McNews was re – launched as MDUK and is now a lively focused magazine. MDUK has activities and events from restaurants around the country. MDUK is a showcase for best practice, recognising individual’s outstanding practices and achievements, as well as highlighting internal and external awards. Apart from the Intranet and MDUK, McDonalds also has other ways of communicating within the business, they are listed below. 1. An email system operates in all offices and company – owned restaurants 2. Regular staff communication sessions are held in the offices 3. Employee satisfaction surveys for both office and restaurant staff are held annually. 4. Meetings are held monthly. 5. Memo’s – send daily An email system is to contact anyone within the business or outside the business, the email system is a fast and easier way to contact people. The email system is used by most companies and general people all over the world. Staff communication sessions are held to improve of employee’s communication skills. This is important because communicating with customers is one of the main things to do. Employee satisfaction surveys are handed out every year, so employees can write how they feel working in the McDonalds restaurants. This is a good thing to do because it’s important to keep the staff happy as it motivates the staff to work harder. Meetings are held every month to discuss the McDonalds performance. They also talk about how much they are making and see what can be improved with the money. McDonalds talks about new idea’s and try to change or promote things that is not doing so well. This is a good way of communicating as you get to talk face to face to see the expressions on each other faces and it’s faster as you don’t have to way for a reply if you do if you was writing an email. Memo’s are used daily in all of the departments. Sales manager might send a memo to human resources manager and ask if he has found a sales person. Memo’s are used daily because they are important little messages, and it’s also a fast way of sending.

W8 Balanced Score cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W8 Balanced Score cards - Essay Example 2). For the current discourse, the aim is to select a company from the Balanced Scorecard Institute official website which applied the balanced scorecard approach and which led to facilitating the achievement of defined goals in a more efficient and effective manner. The selected company is Kenya Red Cross and the experience of applying the balanced scorecard was told from the point of view of its Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Strategy Champion for the Kenya Red Cross Society, Arthur Omolo (Omolo, 2010). Evaluation of the Scorecard The organization’s balanced scorecard was shown in this link: http://balancedscorecard.org/Portals/0/PDF/KenyaRed%20CrossScorecardPoster.pdf. From the framework, the structure was classified into subsections which include the following: Mission, vision, core values, beneficiary value proposition; Strategic themes; Strategy map; Presentation of objectives, performance measures, target, and initiatives according to: Beneficiary, stakeholder; Finan cial stewardship; Business processes; and Organizational capacity. In terms of possessing the crucial ingredients of the balanced scorecard, the application strictly complied and adhered to the needed requirements; which contributed to its effectiveness. First and foremost, the explicit identification of the mission and vision statement was present and even included the value proposition which stated â€Å"Always There† to the beneficiaries of their services. The strategy map also vividly presented a visual summary of the objectives that would necessitate the design of strategies to effectively achieve them. Likewise, it was commendable that Kenya Red Cross presented an in-depth and comprehensive enumeration of the objectives, performance measures, targets, and initiatives that assisted in designing appropriate strategies which could be instrumental in facilitating the attainment of the identified goals. Overall, the structure and presentation was clear, straightforward, and highly commendable for following the essential elements required by the balanced scorecard approach (Kenya Red Cross, n.d.). As emphasized, there were enumerable benefits that were realized by the Kenya Red Cross due to the application of the balanced scorecard. According to Omolo (2010): â€Å"there are so many firsts with the balanced scorecard. Kenya Red Cross for the first time has a strategy that has performance measures and targets. For the first time we can present our strategy on a single sheet of paper. The balanced scorecard has changed the conversation on strategy and increased the focus on consistent monitoring of the strategy† (p. 2). Personal Reaction What did you like? Honestly, the experience relayed by Kenya Red Cross regarding the manner by which the balanced scorecard approach assisted in their ability to gauge the effectiveness of their strategies in achieving organizational objectives were inspiring and enlightening. I liked the way that the Chief Financi al Officer was able to communicate through the approach that in one comprehensive view, the organization is able to monitor their performance against mission, vision, and goals statements and inevitably assisted in adhering to the value proposition as required of the humanitarian organization. The most relevant realization that was relayed by Omolo (2010) focused on the ability of the balanced

At the Construction Summit held in 2001 it was agreed that there was Essay

At the Construction Summit held in 2001 it was agreed that there was no quick solution to the industry's health and safety problems - Essay Example d on the Health and Safety Commission since 1974, after the Health and Safety at Work (HSW) Act; an Act based on the belief that ‘disease leads to the cure’, hence the bodies that create risks also carried the means to ridden themselves of them (Robens, 1972). This Act introduced a goal-oriented, practical approach that paved the way for local bodies to employ new regulatory frameworks which led to the promotion of Health and Safety. The HSW Act led to the creation of two new bodies, which were: The HSC served to secure health, safety and the general well being of the workers whilst creating general public awareness and HSE works alongside HSC and enforces health and safety laws and regulations. Since 1974, noticeable progress has been made and has led to impressive results such as the total and complete elimination of the hazard of construction yet issues such as Construction remain unabated which keeps the situation at a standstill. Management and workers need to be made aware of the impending risks of construction. In an effort to create concrete and substantial targets the government along with HSC launched the ‘Revitalising health and safety strategy’ in 2000. This was to directly highlight the occupational hazard in the work place. After the introduction of this strategy, the Construction summit took place on 27th February 2001, led by the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott. The poor record of care and safety in the construction sector led to the realisation that measures needed to be taken to reform the state of affairs. The industry was obliged to commit to a change in performance that would practically be demonstrated. The intention behind this summit was to, catch the attention of the higher officials of the Construction Industry and to engage them in matters of health and safety which were a serious cause of concern for the work force. The government was encouraged to propose and adopt their own plans of dealing with matters that were

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 72

Marketing - Essay Example With the sun extremely harsh in New Zealand, information on safety is imperative. The researcher can access this information from libraries and databases in universities, colleges, and technical institutions. As much as the secondary data will help the researcher to know much about the New Zealand environment, primary data is crucial in the study. The wristband is a newly invented product through the innovation of the people hence primary data will boost the research objectives. The researcher will be interested in getting firsthand information from the people hence surveys and self-administered interviews will be used widely. Through the surveys and interviews, the researcher will aim at understanding the attitude and feelings of the people towards the wristband. The researcher will also be interested in knowing the reasons that would prompt the people to shun the use of the wristband and why some people would not think of using the wristband in the first place. However, the researcher will be careful with the information in order to ensure it is reliable and valid. Rix (2010) argues that the researcher must work to limit error and possibility of a biased

Organizational Structures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Structures - Research Paper Example The transnational structure on the other hand incorporates the aspects of the two structures mentioned above in order to ensure its success locally and internationally (Claver-Cortes, Pertusa-Ortega and Molina-Azorin, 2012). A Worldwide Product Structure is more decentralized and hence encourages diversification and autonomy of the products being processed by a company. This encourages growth and creativity without constant nagging and blockages from the headquarters. This is the opposite of what happens in a Worldwide Area Structure which centralizes its powers on the headquarters hence making it hard for the other branches of the product in other areas to develop autonomy or even creativity. A company that would choose the first structure is the one that is adamant on diversification and it previously had its domestic structures being based on division of products. A company choosing the worldwide area structure is the one which values centralization and has a diversification degree that is too low (Hempel, Zhang and Han, 2012). One type is the divisional structure where a company is grouped in divisions that depend on the products and the geographical area. The advantage of this type of structure is that each geographical area gets the products that it uses mostly and hence ensuring that the sales remain high and the company’s product has a competitive edge in that geographical area. The other type of complex organizational structure is the matrix structure. This is complex because of the different type of matrix that are present and which largely depend on both the employees and the products. It works well and succeeds in companies where employees work in teams to promote their products. In case there is no team work, this structure does not work well. Claver-Cortes, E., Pertusa-Ortega, E. and Molina-Azorin, J. (July, 2012). â€Å"Characteristics of

Lowering of the Minimum Age of Drinking Assignment

Lowering of the Minimum Age of Drinking - Assignment Example Those who are for the lowering of the minimum age of drinking from 21 argue that teenagers still drink alcohol, and the teenagers have resolved to binge drinking into isolated and uncontrolled environments, resulting to behaviors that are more health and behaviors that are life-endangering. The opponents argue that teenagers are yet to reach an age that they can be able to handle alcohol responsibly, hence they are likely to harm or kill themselves or even others prior to 21. They point out that traffic facilities went down since the increasing of MLDA. Personally, I think the MLDA should not be lowered from 21 to 18. The three main reasons that have influenced my position are; MLDA 21 helped in reducing traffic accidents and fatalities, MLDA 21 assists in the prevention of underage binge drinking, and reducing the drinking age welcomes more use of illicit drugs among 18-21 years old. Drunk driving is a big problem in our civilization. Averagely, 17,000 people die every year in deaths that are drunk related. As the numbers have lowered slightly, drunk driving continues to be a very important public safety issue. Most importantly is the fact that drinking and driving are strongly related to the youth. According to MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving), in 2010 the highest drunk driving rates were established amongst those ages 21- 25 (23.4%), and 18-20 (15.1%). Past 25, the rates of drunk driving reduce. By lowering the age limit to 18, the 15.1% who drink prior to getting behind the wheels would significantly rise and the consequences will be fatal (Robin, G. D. 1991). Binge drinking is common amo ng the youths more so in college campuses.

Sustainability in BMW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sustainability in BMW - Assignment Example The organization provided social programs which include road safety teaching, programs against the HIV/AIDS and youngster and children education. The social programs serve as a marketing strategy because the organization creates awareness of the products to the public. Creation of road safety teaching promotes the economy and increases sales volume hence huge profit. BMW provides services to the community as well as promoting a business. The sustainability plan for BMW handles environmental, social and economic interest of the company. In respect to the environment, the organization receives supplies from trusted dealers. Economically, BMW is fives the employee best working condition in order to be productive. BMW also takes part in the social program and ensure that the customer does not have social problems. BMW is doing the best to meet people’s triple bottom line component. The organization provides a good working environment for the employees in order for them to give the best results (Feuchtmayr, 2011). BMW for economic purposes it sells the product and provides salary for the employee after making a profit. In short, it creates employment opportunity and contributes to the economic growth. In respect to the environment, BMW provides traffic education in the UK for people to minimize traffic jam and air pollution. It produces vehicles which do not pollute sound and air hence saving the environment. In respect to social, BMW provides education of HIV/AIDs to members of the public (Feuchtmayr, 2011).

Five Concert Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Five Concert Journals - Essay Example Each year, a lot of people visit the Westminster Abbey seeking God’s blessings and healing. Many of them attend the sacrament of reconciliation and for anointing their sick. The atmosphere inside the Abbey was so peaceful and quiet and was conducive to prayer. Service began with the whole congregation joining in a hymn, as the priest took his place at the altar. I found that music played a major role in the activities of the Abbey and so did the Choral services rendered by the Choir of Westminster Abbey which is one of the best choirs that is renowned world wide. The choir comprised of twelve professional adults singers also called as Lay Vicars and 30 dedicated boys who belonged to the Residential Choir school. James O’Donnell, the Organist and Master of the Choristers directed the choir very meticulously. The singing by the soloists and the choir was of a very high standard showing that a lot of hard work had been done to achieve it. The chief instrument used was the organ. All the hymns were sung by the soloists and choir and alternated between slow and medium paced rhythms. I really enjoyed attending the service at Westminster Abbey and was really impressed with the singing. 2. The second journal is about my visit to the Royal Free Music Society on Saturday the 15th of October. I went for both the rehearsal and concert of Mozart’s Mass in C minor conducted by Benjamin Wolf. The conductor Benjamin Wolf was welcomed as the main vocalists took the stage in front of the orchestra. The piece began with the Kyrie, softly with the violins and then the choir joined in unison. The soprano was quite talented and used good vocal techniques. After the soprano had rendered her lines, the whole choir reciprocated, by joining flawlessly in unison. The singing by the soprano and the choir alternated with each other and was strongly backed by the orchestra. The tempo that was maintained throughout was medium paced with good rhythm and ended in a soft chorus. The Gloria that was performed by the orchestra was filled with energy and enthusiasm from the beginning to the end. The piece began with a loud chorus where everyone joined in. As the piece progressed it alte rnated between the sopranos and altos on one hand and the tenor and bass on the other. In between were spots of softly sung music backed by soft playing of the orchestra. The instruments used to play Mozart’s Mass in C Minor were violins, cellos, double bass, saxophones, drums, trumpet and the trombone. I liked Mozart’s Mass in C Minor for its brilliance in construction as well as execution by the singers and the orchestra. I really enjoyed witnessing the rehearsal as well as the concert. 3. On Thursday the 27th of October at 1pm, I visited St. Johns Smith’s Square to see Jonathan Vaughn playing on the organ. The lunchtime concert comprised of the J.S Bach Prelude in Eb BWV522. Three Chorale Preludes on Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland; Canonic Variations on Von Himmel Hoch, da komm ich her BWV769; Fugue in Eb BWV522, Liszt Prelude and Fugue on B-A-C-HÂ   The J.S Bach Prelude in Eb BWV522 began brightly by Jonathan Vaughn with an apt use of rubato alternated with s light tempo variances to make it more effective. It was a technically brilliant piece that needed a lot of skill and effort to make it sound pleasing and the organist did an excellent job which proved his skill and ability at the organ as well as his mastery over the piece. Three Chorale Preludes on Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland by Bach –Busoni was a soft organ recital that was so mellow and uplifting. The piece was very melodious and the rhythm alternated between slow and medium paced. Liszt Prelude and

Can be on anything to do with microbiology (you can choose the topic) Article

Can be on anything to do with microbiology (you can choose the topic) - Article Example Basically, 3 are 3 laboratory tests useful for the diagnosis of dengue infection and they are viral isolation in culture, detection of viral RNA, and specific IgM/IgG antibodies in paired sera. The gold standard for diagnosis is a combination of these 3 tests. However, it is not practice to do all the 3 tests in a patient at a particular setting. Viral isolation is expensive, needs technology and results are obtained after 6 - 10 days, which ia very late for initiation of management and hence this test cannot be used regularly. PCR technique results are ofcourse fast, but are expensive and not available in all clinical settings. Immunochromatographic and ELISA tests for the detection of IgM/IgG antibodies which give results within minutes or few hours, but these antibodies can be detected only after 4-5 days of onset of the disease. Also, paired sera samples showing seroconversion or a fourfold titer increase are essential to confirm diagnosis.

Modern Migration Essay Example for Free

Modern Migration Essay The story of humanity is of people constantly in movement. Anthropology, history and sociology are disciplines that study how people migrate, come into contact with others, and build and manage communities all over the world, from ancient to contemporary societies. Although human migration is ubiquitous across time, the designation of people as certain types of migrants is a relatively new phenomenon in history. Consider the various labels now affixed to people who leave their place of birth: * Internal versus international migrants; * Legal versus illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants; * Voluntary versus forced migrants; * Economic migrants versus refugees and asylum seekers; * Permanent versus circular migrants; * Primary versus secondary (or chain) migrants; and * Smuggled and trafficked migrants Modern Migration Routes (1960s to the 1990) Migration data collection is uneven; undocumented migrants are not counted, and multiple layers of local, regional, state, national and international bureaucracy complicate the picture. Data collectors cannot know if a migrant’s temporary destination is his final one; many people are routinely counted as one type of migrant when they may simply be in transit or settling temporarily. We can, however, identify some of the main migration routes of the last quarter century: * For international migration, areas of origin have historically been, and continued to be, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. * Primary destination countries both historically and currently are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. * New destination countries include India, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Spain and Portugal. * North America, with 41 million or 23.4% of total migrants, has seen the greatest percentage increase in migration between 1990 and 2000, at 48%. * Statistics from the former USSR, where many are considered migrants simply because the borders around them have changed, are misleading. Adjusted for this, the US emerges as the primary destination country for international migrants, followed by Germany, France, India and Canada. * In none of these primary destination countries do migrants constitute a large percentage of the population as a whole. Countries with the highest ratio of foreigners to natives are the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Jordan, Israel and Singapore. Specific migrant flows were seen in the following areas over the last quarter century: * Afghan refugees to Iran and Pakistan following war with the Soviets in the 1980s; * Asian populations to the US in the wake of wars in Southeast Asia and immigration policies ending discrimination against Asians; * Mexican and Central American migrants to the US to work in manual labor and service economy jobs; * Migration of Chinese laborers and entrepreneurs to other parts of Asia; * Chinese internal migration from rural areas to coastal industrial cities; * Chinese dissident migration to North America following Tiananmen Square; * Eastern to Western European migration as Communist regimes weakened in the late 1980s; * Sorting of populations with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, including 25 million ethnic Russians left outside the new Russian Federation; * Jews from the Soviet Union to Israel; * Refugees and migrants associated with the break up of Yugoslavia and the ethnic wars in the Balkans; * Exiles and refugees back to post-Apartheid South Africa; * Refugees displaced from Iraq and Kuwait during the First Gulf War; * Millions of Rwandan Hutu refugees into Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), Uganda and Tanzania; * Afghan and Iraqi refugees created by the wars of the early 2000s to Iran, Jordan and Syria; * Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa and southern Europe; * Southern Europe as a gateway to Northern Europe; * IDPs throughout Sudan from civil war and conflict in Darfur; * Sudanese refugees to Chad and the Central African Republic; * Migration from central and southern Africa to South Africa; * Skilled workers from India and China to wealthy industrialized countries; * Laborers from Central Asia and the Middle East to the oil-rich Gulf states; and * Chinese workers to Africa to work on oil and mining concessions. Interview with an OFW Name: Carlos Solano Work – Construction Worker – Japan Yes, he’s enjoying his salary 300k YEN every month (Convert into peso it is 150k) Day care, carpenter, electrician, hostess, I.T ( computer courses) Slot machine TNT/Overstaying in Japan Girls are the most illegal recruiters Body serve and caretaker: If hostess yes, they enjoyed their salary/500k is the biggest cost of the hostess I don’t know it depends if they have a family or friend in Japan that can help them. 80% Technologies If your thin – parts of T.V etc. If you have a big Body – carpenter If you are smart – Computer technologies Attitude of Gov. in Japan Free Hospitality If how many childrens you have in Japan you will get 10k every month Free Tax 60% girls and 40% boys – trend jobs No, we don’t export the jobs here in Pinas only the people who wants to go in Japan because when I went to Japan I don’t have any idea what will do there someone just helped me. 50% boys and 50% girls are illegal recruiters Reasons: Why they migrate? Family to stay together for our son,better career,better pay,better future,it is more capable of supporting immediate families especially in time of needs. Disadvantages We’re an alien to a foreign country, can’t be citizen Racism as Filipinos though known for qualified and skilled workers, still are considered as â€Å"educated slaves to capitalist employers† We have missed to execute our rights as citizen to our homeland due to serving an alien country for years This country can’t be ours and never to be our home. Illegal Recruitment Any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting, utilizing, hiring, or procuring workers and includes referring, contract services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, whether for profit or not, when undertaken by a non-licensee or non-holder of authority contemplated under Article 13(f) of Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended, otherwise known as the Labor Code of the Philippines: Provided, that any such non-licensee or non-holder who, in any manner, offers or promises for a fee employment abroad to two or more persons shall be deemed so engaged. It shall likewise include the following acts, whether committed by any person, whether a non-licensee, nonholder, licensee or holder of authority: (a) To charge or accept directly or indirectly any amount greater than that specified in the schedule of allowable fees prescribed by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, or to make a worker pay or acknowledge any amount greater than that actually received by him as a loan or advance; (b) To furnish or publish any false notice or information or document in relation to recruitment or employment; (c) To give any false notice, testimony, information or document or commit any act of misrepresentation for the purpose of securing a license or authority under the Labor Code, or for the purpose of documenting hired workers with the POEA, which include the act of reprocessing workers through a job order that pertains to non-existent work, work different from the actual overseas work, or work with a different employer whether registered or not with the POEA; (d) To induce or attempt to induce a worker already employed to quit his employment in order to offer him another unless the transfer is designed to liberate a worker from oppressive terms and conditions of employment; (e) To influence or attempt to influence any person or entity not to employ any worker who has not applied for employment through his agency or who has formed, joined or supported, or has contacted or is supported by any union or workers’ organization; (f) To engage in the recruitment or placement of workers in jobs harmful to public health or morality or to the dignity of the Republic of the Philippines; (g) To obstruct or attempt to obstruct inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or by his duly authorized representative; (h) To fail to submit reports on the status of employment, placement vacancies, remittance of foreign exchange earnings, separation from jobs, departures and such other matters or information as may be required by the Secretary of Labor and Employment; (i) To substitute or alter to the prejudice of the worker, employment contracts approved and verified by the Department of Labor and Employment from the time of actual signing thereof by the parties up to and including the period of the expiration of the same without the approval of the Department of Labor and Employment; (j) For an officer or agent of a recruitment or placement agency to become an officer or member of the Board of any corporation engaged in travel agency or to be engaged directly or indirectly in the management of a travel agency; (k) To withhold or deny travel documents from applicant workers before departure for monetary or financial considerations, or for any other reasons, other than those authorized under the Labor Code and its implementing Rules and Regulations; (l) Failure to actually deploy a contracted worker without valid reason as determined by the Department of Labor and Employment; (m) Failure to reimburse expenses incurred by the worker in connection with his documentation and processing for purposes of deployment, in cases where the deployment does not actually take place without the workers fault; and (n) To allow a non-Filipino citizen to head or manage a licensed recruitment/manning agency. Overseas Employment Scams Job seekers, interested in overseas employment that promises high pay, good benefits, free traveled adventure, should be aware that there are unscrupulous operators who have devised elaborate and very convincing scams to bilk unwitting, and often desperate applicants. Before getting swept away with promises of exotic job opportunities, make sure you have thoroughly investigated the matter and know the potential risks involved in obtaining overseas employment. Typical Overseas Employment Scams Unlike legitimate employment firms that have permanent addresses, many unscrupulous operators run their so-called job placement firms from out-of-state, and may provide only a post office or mail drop address. Although there are legitimate firms with post office or mail drop addresses, job applicants should be aware that this practice, when used by unscrupulous operators, makes it easier for the operators to avoid scrutiny by their clients. In many instances, law enforcement officials investigating a suspicious firm have found a fly-by-night operation. The scam headquarters, with little more than a desk and a telephone, may be based in one state, but operate out of other states, making it more difficult for the officials to track the operation. Typical overseas job scams, include: * Firms that charge advance fees. These operations usually advertise in newspapers and magazines. The ads most frequently offer construction jobs, one of the industries hardest hit by a weak economy. Consumers who call the number, provided in the ad, are generally told that there are immediate openings available for which they are perfectly suited. But to lock in the job, they are told, they must pay a placement fee in advance. These up-front charges can range from $50 to several thousand dollars. Firms that charge these advance fees often are so eager to get the money in their hands and avoid using the U.S. mail service that they may send a courier to pick up the deposit, or require that it be sent via overnight delivery, at the applicants expense. However, more often than not, these firms actually have little, or no, contacts with employers and can offer minimal assistance, despite their service charges. Job seekers should not be duped by a firms promise of a refund, if no job or lead materializes. Most of these firms that require payment in advance do not stay around long enough for dissatisfied customers to get their money back. * Firms that charge a fee once they provide a job lead. A disreputable firm may fabricate job leads, or bring in a third-party to impersonate a potential employer, in order to get an applicants fee. * 900 number operators. A 900 number connected with employment opportunities may charge a high flat fee, or per-minute rate. In some instances,900 number operators may fail to disclose the cost of each call or, if printed, display it in fine print. As a result, callers may not be aware of how much they are spending. Some unscrupulous operators may even increase their fees by creating delays while the caller is on the line. In one case, for example, a consumer answered an advertisement instructing job applicants to call an800 toll-free number for more information. The message on that number directed the caller to dial a900 number to find out about job openings. The900 number, however, merely directed the caller to send a stamped, self-addressed envelope to have a job application mailed out. The consumer complied; received only a one-page generic job application, and was billed $39 for the phone call. The FTC now requires, among other things, that operators of 900 numbers provide information on the cost of the call up front. When calling a 900 number, be sure you understand the charges before continuing with the call. * Job listing services. There are many firms that make no promises to place you in a job. They merely sell a list of job opportunities, providing little assurance about the accuracy of the information. For instance, the information may be sold via a newsletter that features photocopied help-wanted ads from newspapers around the world. Many of the ads may be months old, soliciting jobs that already have been filled. In addition, the ads may not have been verified to ensure that the jobs actually exist. Some ads may be from countries with strict quotas that discourage the hiring of foreign citizens. Other publications may promise access to information on job opportunities, but provide nothing more than a listing of employers in various regions. How to Avoid Employment Scams Many job seekers have lost money to disreputable advance-fee placement firms. If you decide to use an overseas job placement firm, the best way to avoid being scammed is to learn as much as you can about the operation: * Ask for references. Request both names of employers and employees the company has actually found jobs for. Scam artists will typically defend their refusal to provide the information, claiming it is a trade secret. Or, they frequently claim that if they told you where the openings are, you would circumvent their services. These schemers may also cite privacy concerns as the reason for refusing to provide the names of people they have placed. * Check out reliability. Contact the local Better Business Bureau, as well as the states consumer protection agency, to find out if any complaints have been filed against the firm.   * Avoid firms that operate solely via telephone or mail. Any reputable placement firm will almost certainly need to meet you before it can market you effectively to an employer. Be suspicious of any operation that claims it can place you with an employer, without meeting and interviewing you. Be particularly wary of firms that operate outside of the state where they advertise. In many instances, unscrupulous operators purposefully seek to distance themselves from their clients in order to avoid closer scrutiny. If they are ultimately challenged, the distance complicates an investigation by law enforcement authorities. * Find out how long the employment company has been in business. Also, ask what is the firms present financial condition. Compare the company, and the services offered, with other similar firms before you pay a fee. * Get all promises in writing. Before you pay for anything, request and obtain a written contract that describes the services the firm intends to provide. Determine whether the firm is simply going to forward your resume to a company that publicly advertised a listing, or if it will actually seek to place you with an employer. Make sure that any promise you receive in writing is the same as what was stated in the initial sales pitch. * Research any information the firm provides to you before you make a commitment. Make certain the job actually exists before you pay a firm to hold a slot for you, and definitely before you make plans to relocate. Some unfortunate job seekers have been instructed to meet at a particular place to fly to their new jobs, only to find no airline tickets, no job, and often, no more company. * Check with the embassy of the country where the job is supposed to be located. Make certain that, as a citizen of another country, you are eligible to work there.   * Ask if you will be eligible for a refund, if the leads the firm provides you are unacceptable, or do not work out for any other reason. If the firm has a refund policy, ask for specific written details that spell out whether you can expect a full refund, and if there are any time limits for receiving your refund. Even if you are promised a refund in a written agreement, read the fine print. A disreputable firm may include red tape that protects its interests, not yours. For example, one common scam is to include a requirement that job seekers check in regularly with the firm, at their own expense. Clients who unwittingly fail to make the required contact may forfeit their opportunity for a refund. However, they are not told this until they ask for the refund TESDA Courses Offered: 1. Culinary Arts – 10 days 2. Advanced Culinary Arts – 10 days 3. Bartending 10 days 4. Advanced Bartending – 10 days 5. Waitering – 10 days 6. Advanced Waitering – 10 days 7. Comprehensive Commercial Baking – 8 days 8. MS Office Applications 9. Computer Installation, Maintenance and Repair 10. PC Network Installation and Maintenance Analysis and Conclusion: Many Filipino nowadays dreams of having a job abroad because they have heard from someone that they offer high salary so even if they will be away from their loved ones, they will sacrifice just to give their family their happiness. But for me, if one is determined and opportunity taker, he can earn what the jobs abroad offers. One who wants to go abroad should go to the office accredited by the government. He should not entertain fixers or employers who offers fast fly to the other countries. He should be aware of the policies and rules when applying a job overseas. With the introduction of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Program in 2002-2003, data from the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) show that graduates in vocational courses jumped by 116.6 percent. This was, however, followed by a drop in graduates in 2004-2005, but this rose significantly to 14.0 percent and 25.0 percent in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007.Likewise, survival in vocational training is greater with a 68.6 percent rate as the lowest and 91.9 percent as the highest from 2001 to 2005. Bibliography: Philippine Labor migration impact and policy – 1992 Scalabrini migration center, Quezon City 134p. Philippine Labour migration: critical dimensions of public policy 1998 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Singapore 198p. Worldsavvy.org

Sex Trafficking in the United States Essay Example for Free

Sex Trafficking in the United States Essay A young girl from Tijuana was only 13 years when she was sold to a man from the United States. already having a child, she was sold under the agreement that he would help her support her child whom was diagnosed with leukemia. Little did she know, the cruel man took her baby away and used it against her. She was not aware that her baby was not getting the care that was promised, unfortunately, the child later died due to the lack of nutrition and medical care that he needed. Not only was she not able to see her child before of after he died, she is and will be imprisoned as a sex slave for as long as she lives.(â€Å"homebrewedchristianity†) Sex trafficking is an inhumane business with no benefits other than hurting and even killing victims. It is a modern day form of slavery in which commercial sex is induced by force, fraud, physical violence. Traffickers often transport victims from their homes to unfamiliar destinations leaving the victims vulnerable and alone. Victims are forced to go through physical violence and are mentally abused with the use of psychological threats to engage in commercial sex act. If we want to end sex trafficking, we must start with ourselves. I truly believe that we must put an end to this cruel and disgusting industry. To ultimately put and end to sex trafficking, we must address the issue and educate the dangers of sex trafficking, properly train law enforcement and to create crisis centers for trafficked victims to potentially exploit these traffickers of their cruel act. Although it is a global and complex problem, I believe that by acquiring knowledge of this situation will help bring a n end to this inhumane travesty. Like trafficking drugs and firearms, it is a very large and a highly driven criminal industry going on in the world today. Although there are different types of trafficking, they all share one common objective which is supply and demand. Human trafficking is fueled by fraudulent of empty promises that only leads to cheap labor and commercial sex. In a sex trafficking fact sheet, it states that there is an estimate of 1.2 million children are trafficked each year (UN.GIFT). This is a very scary estimate for it being just children, but what is more sad than that estimate is that in 2006, there were only 5,808 prosecutions and as little as 3,160 convictions throughout the world. With that being said, for every 800 people trafficked, only one person is convicted (Trafficking in Persons Report). By obtaining knowledge and sharing viable information about the dangers of sex trafficking will help bring awareness to our society and will help cease this awful industry. In most situations with law enforcement officers are not properly trained to deal with sex traffickers or victims. In order for us to control and potentially put an end to sex trafficking law enforcement personnel must be able to see the signs of trafficking and be trained to take on trafficking situations that may occur. In a Tennessee Bureau of Investigation case study, worked with the Vanderbilt Center for Community Studies conducted a large study with law enforcement agencies, social service agencies, state and federal prosecutors. The study shows that 79% of the people surveyed say that they are not adequately trained to handle sex trafficking cases. (â€Å"TBI Releases First Ever Study†). There is a need for training people who are in law enforcement, people who work in courts, and who work as social workers. When they are put in a position with trafficked victim, with proper training, workers are able to handle various types of sex trafficking situations and essentially seek out help for those victims. There is a physical and psychological cost that these trafficked victims must pay. Women who have been physically and psychologically abused will experience a feeling of shame and depression that will lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. These victims will normally stray away and hide from the public view because although they are victims of this cruel slavery, they are often treated as criminals by authorities rather as victims. Real criminals live in the shadows. there is an illicit network of traffickers, pimps, recruiters, brothel owners, and johns prey on vulnerable children because traffickers prefer children who look more youthful and with also a longer shelf life. These adolescents are frown upon by law enforcement and people because they only see what these children off as prostitutes, they are un aware that these children are being forced to sell themselves. A child would not volunteer to have sex with ten (or more) grown men penetrating their bodies every evening (†Å"Not For Sale Campaign†). The U.S. is one of the world’s largest â€Å"consumers† of the modern day slave trade. There is a need for programs and help centers to be made for trafficked victims when they are released from a prostitution ring. With programs made for trafficked victims, they are able to start new lives by attending these centers and programs to begin to physically and psychologically heal. Florida has become a pioneer in the battle against the issue of human trafficking, Governor Rick Scott signed House Bill 99, The Safe Harbor Act helps provide services to help victims who have been sexually abused and exploited. The Safe Harbor Act allows children who are rescued from prostitution rings to get help through dependency systems instead of being placed in juvenile delinquency(â€Å"New Laws Help Fight Human Trafficking†). Targeted News Service also says that, â€Å"These children are under physical and psychological control of their trafficker. Existing foster homes and foster parents may not be appropriate for their needs. The Safe Harbor Act will allow our community-based care partners to provide these children with specific services that will help them cope with the trauma they have endured†(â€Å"New Laws Help Fight Human Trafficking†). Governor Scott also signed House Bill 7049, which gives prosecutors the ability to have a better chance of a fight at this crime by imposing tougher penalties. Being in a prostitution ring may be the only thing these adolescents know, their pimps or traffickers have put these children under physical and psychological pain. Not only are they vulnerable, these victims have been away for so long families are so hard to get in contact with. It is our job to help these victims and encourage other states to take action on this cruel act and pass laws such a s this one to give victims a safe place to turn to as well as help give them a promising future. Although each of the three proposals are logical and could possibly re-abolish slavery, two of the proposals might not be the way to go. Training law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and social workers, as well as opening help centers might not be the most cost effective. I truly believe that advocating and bringing awareness to the public to potentially cease sex trafficking. There are many web organizations such as www.notforsalecampaign.org, www.polarisproject.org , and homebrewedchristianity.com, help provide information about sex trafficking, true stories about trafficked victims, and global statistics. By having organizations such as these sites help provide information about the cruelty of sex trafficking and way to make an effort to help abolish the trafficking industry. Unfortunately, there is no simple solution to put an end to sex trafficking. In order for us to cease this horrid industry, we must start from within. For these helpless victims be put through a horrible travesty is hell on earth for these innocent people. We sometimes do not think about what we way when we joke about rape, or make fun of â€Å"sluts† or â€Å"prostitutes† we contribute to an industry that hurt innocent people. That is why is it so important to be aware that there are millions of people who are in need to seek help and to be rescued. We must come together as a society to bring this cruel act into the forefront of the media to expose traffickers and pimps to bring justice for trafficked victims and to essentially put an end to sex trafficking. Works Cited Home Brewed Christianity. Hell On Earth: A Sex Trafficking Survivor’s Story. HBC, 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2012 New Laws Help Fight Human Trafficking and Rescue our Children Who have been Victims of Sexual Exploitation. Targeted News ServiceJun 12 2012. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 14 Oct. 2012 . Not For Sale: End Human Trafficking and Slavery. NFS, 2012. Web. 5 Dec. 2012 TBI Releases First Ever Study on Human Sex Trafficking in the State. Targeted News ServiceMay 18 2011. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 14 Oct. 2012 . Un.Gift. Global initiative to Fight Human Trafficking. GITFHT, 2007. Web. 5 Dec, 2012

Marketing mix components role in market strategy

Marketing mix components role in market strategy The firms task is to find the best solution for its marketing decisions variables. The settings constitute its MARKETING-MIX. The M-Mix is the framework of policies which are used by the marketer to get success in the field of marketing. The MARKETING MIX in the form of 4Ps is interdependent on each others. The following are the components of Marketing mix: There are four types of components: 1. PRODUCT 2. PRICE 3. PROMOTION 4. PLACE COMPONENTSSS PRODUCT PRICE PROMOTIONON PLACE 1. Pricing Objectives 2. Price Fixation 3. Discount Policy 4. Credit Terms 1. Advertising 2. Sales -Promotions 3. Customer -Aids 4. Sales -Contests 1. Channels 2. Inventory -Level 3. Warehousing 4. Transport -ation 5. Retailing 1. Planning 2. Features 3. Variety 4. Branding 5. Packging 6. Labelling Figure 1: Components of 4ps Marketing Mix. 1. PRODUCT MIX- Product is sum total of tangible and intangible attributes includes product designs, style, size, colour, branding, packaging, labeling etc. Some important variables of Product Mix are explained here: PRODUCT DESIGN PRODUCT LINE PRODUCT QUALITY Figure 2: Important Variables of Product Mix. Product Design: Product must be designed in a manner as desired by the target consumers. Good designing increases sales. It is very important features in consumer products like shoes, readymade garments etc. Product Line: It is a group of closely related product. For example: BPL Co. manufacturing Televisions, Music System, etc. Product Quality: Product Quality depends on design, material used, workmanship etc. The quality can be fixed in terms of; size, weight, colour, shape, flavour etc. 2. PRICE- The value of product expressed in terms of money is known as Price, Buyer and seller can only exchange goods and service on the agreed price. Some important variables of PRICE MIX are explained here: Pricing policies and strategies Terms of credit Resale price maintenance Profit margin Figure 3: Important Variables of Price Mix. Pricing policies and strategies: The pricing policies and strategies are the guidelines which helps the producer in determining the price as to match the market needs. The price is depends upon factors like demand, cost, competition, nature etc. Terms of credit: To increase the sales, credit sales are necessary. Credit sales is necessary to run the business it certainly increases the profitability. It is decided on types of customers. Resale price maintenance: It removes price competition and increases the goodwill of the firm. Resale price maintenance is a practice and a source to earn money. Profit margin: Profit margin is a difference between the final price paid by a customer and cost of production .This include margin of retailer, wholesaler and the producer. 3. PROMOTION- Promotion is a mean by which marketer talk to its existing and potential customers. It is a mixture of communication. Promotion efforts can be Personal or Impersonal. It is depend on customers acceptance. Some Important variables of promotion mix are explained ere: PERSONAL SELLING TRADE FAIRS PUBLIC RELATIONS SALES PROMOTION Figure 4: Important Variables of Promotion Mix. Personal selling: An oral communication between a firm and its customers is known as Personal selling. In order to make best use of sale force, proper policies should be prepare regarding selection, training, recruitment, motivation and controlling. Sales Promotion: A bridge between advertising and personal selling is known as Sales promotion. Trade fairs: Trade fairs are the places where manufactures and dealers gathered for selling their products. Public Relations: It is an attempt to achieve good relation with public. Public Include: customers, banks, shareholders, suppliers, competitors etc. 4. PLACE- The smooth flow of goods and its services from the manufacturer to consumer by creating under time and to the proper place is known as Place Mix. Some Important variables of promotion mix are: TRANSPORTATION WAREHOUSING INVENTORY LEVELS DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION Figure 5: Important Variables of Promotion Mix. CONCLUSION Thus, there are four types of components of MARKETING MIX. They are helpful in different ways to design the market strategy. Top summaries about the 4ps Marketing mix, there are some bullet points to remember, as follows: 4Ps are interdependent on each other( each depend on others) 4Ps constitute your Marketing Strategy. Independent Variables ( We can Control These) Product is only one P. Sales Volume is the dependent variable. Q2: Explain the importance of segmentation? Justify yours arguments with examples? INTRODUCTION: Market segmentation is the sub-division of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers. It is the strategy of dividing markets in order to conquer them. It is consumer-oriented. In this supply is bended according to demand. Thus, every area of market can be addressed with a targeted marketing mix. Importance of Segmentation: Knowledge of Market Opportunities Knowledge of Customers Needs Increase Of Sales volume Better assessment Of the competition Proper Allocation Of Resources Adjustments in Products Helpful in Advertising Beneficial for consumers Figure 6: Types of Segmentation. There are five importances of segmentations: 1. Knowledge of market opportunities- With the help of market segmentation Marketers are in a better position to locate and compare the opportunities of market. E.g. In rural area there is less scope for sports facilities so the marketers can readjust their strategy. 2. Proper allocation of resources- Segmentation lead to proper allocation of resources because customer is the focus of all marketing efforts therefore he can allocate his limited financial resources according to the needs of different segments. 3. Knowledge of customers needs- All marketing activities are directed towards the satisfaction of consumer. With the help of segmentation it becomes easy to measure the level of segmentation in easy segment and also to make improvements in the segmentation level. 4. Increase in sales volume- The market producer can increases his sales volume by segment with the help of knowing demand pattern of the product. E.g. Clinic All Clear manufacturers provide variety of shampoos like clinic all clear Anti-Dandruff shampoo clinic all clear for men for its different customers. 5. Better assessment of the competition- These segmentation of market helps in assessing correctly the strength and weakness of the competitors. It also helps to know the level of competition in each segment. If the competitors has stronghold any segments, there is no use in wasting resources on such segments. 6. Adjustment in products- Under market segmentation marketers can easily make finer adjustments in their products and market communication according to the change in taste, need, nature and income of the consumers . 7. Helpful in advertising- With the help of market segmentation consumers through effective advertising media then the choices, habits, preferences, needs of different buyer groups are duly recognized. 8. Beneficial for consumers- Segment results in product wars between the giant manufacturers. E.g. Coca-Cola Vs Pepsi, Polo Vs Mint, Colgate Vs Close Up and so on. Other Importance of Market Segmentation: By focusing the relevant segments, marketers can get benefits very accurately. In market segmentation, a marketer is able to create new market for his products. Segmentation also helps in best allocation of marketing budget. By segmentation the producer, the working of different intermediaries or the distribution channels can be effectively evaluated. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that MARKET SEGMENTATION helps the manufacturers and the marketers to match their products with the real needs of the consumers groups. It is Beneficial for customers. It is helpful to Increase in sales volume. Q3.Choose a product of your own choice and how does branding helps to promote this product? INTRODUCTION: Branding is a process by which a product is branded. It is a process of stamping a product with the some identifies name and mark. It means giving a distinct individuality to a product. Branding gives a specified name to a product or group of products of one seller. Branding gives the product individuality. MEANING OF BRANDING: A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design used to identify the product of one firm and to differentiate them from the products of the competitors. A brand is an integral part of the symbol appearing on the product. Once the business start running on full stream, branding helps a lot in sense of strategy. To lead to this discussion I am going to discuss on footwear (shoes) as my product for this. There are different types of brand in footwear market and depth of each of these brands is extremely deep, but to make this discussion be specific I like to specifically talk on one brand named NIKE. Analysis of Nike Brand: Nike is a group of companies and distribution of footwear, cloths and sports products. They manufacture and distribute more than 200 models of footwear, spanning specialties in many sports, from running, basketball, to soccer and baseball cleats, to golf.   Each product of Nike is current, stylish and sleek.  Nike is an equipment, shoe and athletic apparel company.   Most of their customers are high performance athletes. They also are consistent with who does not fit their target market most of us!   Basically, Nike has built an international enterprise around top performing athletes.   There are more than 100 athletes signed on and wearing Nike product for promotions and marketing. The success and performance of the Nike is represented by athletes are their target market.   Nike obviously meets their needs.  To meet their target market they do such a good job, in fact, it has brought some criticism.   There is large number of shoe manufacturer and handful of them is easily recognizable, I would like to say it is quite up and down in the shoe business. In the market of pricing, Nike is always in line with their competitors. Most of competitors against Nike are Adidas, Reebok, New Balance, and many others, depending on the specific need.   This is very common now-a-days for the high ambitious competitors and surprising as they could receive more of a premium for their product. Nike uses some psychological techniques to boost their marketing with the name of brands. As Nike brand is very reliable and soft. They offer majority of warranties of the product with make trust bond between customer and company, and attract more customers. As they offer the best product in the market, once a customer bought product they do verbal marketing after using the product, which helps the company in sales and more profitable. Nike organizes events for their customer and offer vouchers on the limited sales which attract more customers for future. Nike provides more than 300 of styles and provides choices to customers. In terms of distribution, Nike has found all the right places.  Sports retailers such JJb sports, sports Direct, Sports Authority and some of the branded sole traders are common places to find them.  As the modern world come to online selling, now Nike starts providing home delivery to their customers under their budget prices. Nike manufacture shoes in the season and try to sell within the season with the new modified pieces for next seasons, if they found out of season and out of production, they starts selling on discount outlets for the clearance purpose. This strategy provides Nike product to the customer who are unable to buy product in the season because of high prices. CONCLUTION:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After analyzing Nike strategies, marketing mix, the product and promotion of Nike is admirable. These techniques show us that with an edge towards excellence, any branded product can achieve dominance. Q4. Carry out the SWOT analysis for a company of your own choice? INTRODUCTION: SWOT stands for: S-STRENGTH W-WEAKNESS O-OPPORTUNITY T-THREAT To analyse the concept of SWOT, I studied NOKIA Corporation. In the Telecommunication equipment market Nokia Corporation named in worlds largest manufactures. It has since established a leading brand presence in many local markets. GSM, CDMA and WCDMA are the common known mobile communication equipments offered by NOKIA in the current market. Not only electronic satellite but mobile phone infrastructure and many other telecommunications equipments such as broadband access, professional mobile radio, traditional voice telephony, wireless LAN, ISDN, voice over IP and a line of satellite receivers. SWOT Analysis of the Company: Nokia Strengths: Nokia has very strong financial aspects, with much more profits in the business. It has largest network of distribution and selling as compared to other mobile phone company in the world. It is backed with the high quality and professional team in the HRD Dept. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want that is why is in great demand making it No-1 selling mobile phones in the world. There are many choices of products available for all class. There are many good prices of second hand NOKIA mobile phones compared to other mobile phones. Weakness: After analyzing Nokia, we found out about lots of strengths and some weakness. The cost of the product offered by company is one of them. Some of the technology used by NOKIA is not user friendly, which is not helping the targeted customers. The price of the product is another main issue. There are very few service centers for the Nokia product repairs, which cause to bad service after sale. Opportunity: Nokia has large number of opportunity to increase its business in international market. With the large number of different types of products, mixer of features and wide selection price range for all people, it has an advantage over the competitors around. Nokia has to target right customer at right time to gain the most out of the situation according to the standard of living in the world, which will increased the purchasing power of the people and sales market of the company. Threats: As every company has to face many crisis and threats in their marketing, financial and development, Nokia also has to face many threats to tackle to maintain its position as market leader in the international market. The common threats for Nokia is like emerging of other telecommunication companies in the international market with huge range of product. The companies like Sony Ericsson, Apple (iPhone), Blackberry (Smartphone), Android, Motorola and Cingular (U.S) etc. These companies have come to the stand of tough competition with Nokia in the field of Mobile Phones. Threats for Nokia from others include, providing cheap phones, new style and type, new features, good services after sale etc. So, Nokia has to keep in mind that there are many growing competitors around the world and how to take over them. CONCLUSION In SWOT Analyses we know about the STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITY, THREATS of the company. Here we choose NOKIA Company. STRENGTH and WEAKNESS are inside the company. OPPORTUNITY and THREAT are outside the company. Q5Anylyse the external factors that can affect the promotion of a product? INTRODUCTION: The Beginning of successful products is creative idea. The very first step of new product development process is the generation of product ideas. There are two factors that can affect the promotion of a product INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS Figure 7: Types of Factors 1. INTERNAL FACTORS- These are in company sources of product idea generation. There are four such possible sources, such as: 1. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2. MANUFACTURING PEOPLE 3. SALES PEOPLE 4. TOP MANAGEMENT 2. EXTERNAL FACTORS- External Factors are those factors that are outside the company. These help in developing the new thinking. It involves consumers, competitors, reseller etc. It Includes: 1. SECONDARY IMFORMATION 2. CONSUMERS 3. RESELLERS 4. INVENTORS 5. COMPETITORS 6. FOREIGN MARKETS 7. CARTOON AND ANIMATIONS FILMS 8. OTHER SOURCES 1. SECONDARY INFORMATION- Most of the business magazines and newspapers have a new product section which provides important information about new product. 2. CONSUMERS- Customers are very important source of new product ideas. The customers suggestions and complaints are good source of new ideas. A company can arrange meetings of the customers in order to collect information regarding their problems and solutions. 3. RESELLERS- Resellers are integral part firms marketing system. They have close contact with the consumers and well aware about the market changes.Therefore, they can easily suggest fruitful ideas of new products. 4. INVENTORS- Most of the companies remain in regular contact with the inventors for new product ideas. Scientists and Engineers can be a key source of technological innovations and new product ideas from outside the company. 5. COMPETITORS- Manufactures must establish a formal procedure for monitoring the new product activities of their competitors. Competitors product mix also help ingenerating the new product ideas. 6. FOREIGN MARKETS- Every country is known for certain product or products. For example: Germany-Steel cars; France-Wine; Italy-Leather products etc. Therefore, for new products ideas one can visits the foreign markets. 7. CARTOON AND ANIMATION- The producers and writers of animation films develop and show various animated products and ideas in there films which become a good source of new products ideas. 8. OTHER FACTORS There are many other sources from where, we can collect the new products ideas, such as: (i) Technical universities, engineering collages, government research laboratories and private research organization. (ii) Industrial consultants, trade associations, advertising agencies. (iii) International trade fairs, exhibition and technical collaborations. (iv) Supplier of raw material, new product consultants etc. (v) Brainstorming sessions of the management and technicians. CONCLUSION There are two Factors that are can affect the promotion of a company. First is INTERNAL AND second is EXTERNAL. Here we explain EXTERNAL FACTORS. In Many ways these factors are helpful the promotion of the Company. Q6. Explain the term Marketing objectives and analyse them in relation to a Promotional Campaign? MEANING OF MARKETING: The meaning of marketing has changed and evolved in the modern world. The Marketing defines as The Process of Management which is responsible for satisfying, identifying and anticipating customer requirements profitability. Now-a-days marketing is based on providing continual benefits to the consumers, these benefits will be provided and a transactional exchange will take place. MARKETING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION: MARKETING OBJECTIVE is a term which tells us that what the organization is trying to achieve through its marketing activities during a specific period. Roles of Marketing Objectives in relations to the Promotional Campaign:- Campaign is an activity which demands systematic planning. Promotional Campaign can be made successful if marketing objectives are determined or set properly. Following process can get the campaign off to the right start: THERE ARE SEVEN STEPS: ASSESS MARKETING COMMUNICATION OPPORTUNITIES USE OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL MESSAGE DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL BUDGET DETERMINE CAMPAIGN EFFECTIVENESS DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES DEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL MIX Figure 8: Steps of Marketing Campaign. Assess Marketing Communication Opportunities. It is very important to review and understand the needs of the market, market consumer, competition of the products, current users, decision-makers, groups and the general public. What Communication Channels Will You Use In the first step of planning everyone should have defined markets, products in the markets and environments of the consumer and the product. The information of these types able to assist in deciding which communication channels will be most beneficial for the organization and their products. Determine Your Objectives One should have to consider that the objectives of a promotional campaign are different from marketing campaign. Promotional campaign analyzes the behaviors of those people, who have been exposed to your promotional communication. Determine Your Promotion Mix to determine promotion MIX one should have to allocate resources among sales promotion, publicity, advertising, publicity, E-marketing and personal selling. Develop Your Promotional Message To develop promotional message for the product and organization, there is need to sit with the team members, special attentions on the contents of the product, format, structure, content and source of the message. Develop the Promotion Budget The most exciting part of the campaign is Promotion Budget. At this stage we need to determine the total promotion budget. The steps involved in these stages are: 1. Determining cost breakdowns per territory and 2. Promotional mix elements. Determine Campaign Effectiveness After following all the steps of the marketing campaign, the promotional plan must be formal defined in a written document. In this document you should need to specify situation analysis, copy of the platform, timetables for the events and effective integration of the promotional elements with elements in your marketing mix. CONCLUSION Thus we can say that Role of marketing objectives is very important in relation to promotional campaign. There are many different steps these are helpful in market objectives. Q7. Describe Primary and Secondary research and explain the benefits and drawbacks associated with these research methods? As per my opinion, Primary and Secondary research are the difference in conducting the research. PRIMARY RESEARCH: In Primary research, there is no information available for the researcher; thats why researcher has to start from scratches and hypothetical views. BENEFITS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH Quick and cheap if your sample is small Computer code-able for quick analysis and repetition Coding enables multiple comparisons among variables Allows generalization views to a larger population Verifiable by replication and re-questioning of interviewees/respondents DRAWBACKS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH Using a large sample can be time-consuming Large number of research loses unique meaning and case study data of the specific area. This process takes long time and can be very expensive. If the interpretation of the question changes, this leads to change in the overall result. Researchers can bias the data by concept definition and question framing We cannot judge the honesty of the responding people. SECONDARY RESEARCH In Secondary research, the researcher has the primary research collected data available. These research data are made available from other publications or reports, like newspaper, books and annual reports of companies. In the secondary research there is no need to start from scratch. BENEFITS OF SECONDARY RESEARCH Low cost to acquire and Easy to access E.g. Library, journals. Clear views about the Research Questions. Easy to conduct research on the question and provide specific result. DRAWBACKS OF SECONDARY RESEARCH Lack of consistency and Quality of research. Cannot check Biases and Inaccuracy. Incomplete Information and Expensive charges for full research. The concern over whether any data can be totally separated from the context of its collection CONCLUSION Thus, we have two research First is Primary and second Secondary Research. Primary research is that in which data are not available firstly data should be collect. In Secondary research data are available; there is no need to collect the data. Data prepared by other organization. 8Explain the source of Information that are available to Business? INTRODUCTION Business information encompasses a high range of sources that people involved in the world of commerce can turn to for data on and discussion of business-related subjects. These sources, which can provided from daily newspapers , financial magazines to professional associates, colleagues, and social contacts, can be invaluable in helping small business owners to tackle various aspects of operations, such as marketing, Research, product forecasting, and competitive analysis. There are two types of source of Information: INTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATION EXTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATION Research and Development Manufacturing People Sales People Top management Print Information Television and radio Information Online Information CD Rom Information INTERNAL INFORMATION EXTERNAL INFORMATION Figure 9: Types of Sources. INTERNAL INFORMATION: These are in business information of product idea generation. There is four such possible information such as: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Almost all big companies have Research and Development Department. This department is responsible for developing new product idea after proper market research and improving the existing products. MANUFACTURING PEOPLE Engineers, scientists and skilled workers who manufacture product often have ideas about product improvement. They do come out with new product ideas, because that is in regular contact with the business-its nature, product, quality etc. SALES PEOPLE Company sales persons can also be a good source of new product ideas. These people know what customers are not getting and what customers want. TOP MANAGEMENT In fact, it is the responsibility of the top management to explore new product ideas. Their idea can be good because they precisely know about the company needs and resources. EXTERNAL INFORMATION: External information can be obtained from printed material AND broadcast reports PRINT INFORMATION The category of print information ranges from large number of books and journals, Newspapers, newsletters and microfilms. TELEVISION AND RADIO MEDIA Broadcasting media might be least helpful for the small business owner. ONLINE INFORMATION There is huge demand of online information in todays world. This is a powerful way to get and access information speedly and many ways and in many types. The computer to store, organize and disseminate vast amounts of information has truly revolutionized business publishing. Large number of social marketing and information site are available. Large online search systems can help overcome the incredible fragmentation of published information. SECONDARY STORAGE INFORMATION Secondary memories like, CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory), hard drives, DVD, Blue-rays are popular alternative to online services. CONCLUSION: Thus, we can say that there are many information sources available in business. There is INTERNAL and EXTERNAL Information Available in business. Internal Information is under the business. It is Flexible as well as External Information is under the customers, Producers etc.